Plano diretor como elemento democrático: um estudo do processo participativo no plano diretor de Guanambi
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Data
2020
Tipo de documento
Dissertação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Fernandes, Edilaine Neves
Orientador
Lourenço, Daniel Braga
Coorientador
Resumo
Como produto da modernidade, a cidade se apresenta como estilo de vida imponente
e inevitável, e, como base material para realização da práxis humana torna-se o
cenário predominante de concretização e negação de direitos. O fenômeno urbano
tornou-se objeto de estudo complexo e necessário pois, a cidade como texto,
materializa a síntese dos conflitos sociais impostos pela racionalidade colonizadora
do Estado – Mercado e a resistência dos indivíduos e grupos dentro de suas condições
históricas no processo de apropriação do solo urbano. A cidade moderna foi
instrumentalizada e teve as suas funções sociais do encontro, do lúdico e do reino do
uso desvirtuadas, gerando um processo de segregação através da apropriação
privada do solo urbano tolerada pelo poder público numa tradição de planejamento
que justificava-se por uma razão prática fundamentada na relação meio-fins e no
argumento técnico científico. Jürgem Habermas (1999) partiu do diagnóstico dos
cientistas sociais e filósofos sobre a crise das referências da racionalidade então
vigente para propor a razão comunicativa que busca legitimação nos processos de
interação comunicativa entre falantes livres e iguais que buscam de forma
intersubjetiva a formação de um consenso que justifica-se pela própria participação.
Nesse modelo racional foi estruturada a proposta de democracia deliberativa que vale-
se dos processos institucionalizados de participação como justificação da norma. A
Política Urbana apresenta o Plano Diretor Participativo como instrumento de gestão
democrática para ordenar o pleno desenvolvimento urbano da cidade, tendo como
condição de validade o seu processamento em ambiente deliberativo. Nesse sentido,
esta dissertação se propõe a analisar o condão democrático do Plano Diretor
Participativo de Guanambi, Lei Complementar no 223 aprovada em 04 de dezembro
de 2007. O estudo de caso enfatiza o aspecto participativo tangenciando-o às
premissas da democracia deliberativa proposta por Jürgem Habermas, apresentando
também elementos provocativos para discussão aplicada sobre a relação entre a
participação, o reconhecimento e a efetividade da norma explicitados nos dados da
pesquisa. A revisão teórica primou pela abordagem conceitual e jurídica do instituto
do Plano Diretor, considerando sua condição democrática e o projeto utópico do direito
à cidade, e apresentação das premissas de democracia deliberativa norteada pelos
conceitos de razão comunicativa, sociedade civil organizada, esfera pública e suas
possibilidades de aplicação no desenho institucional participativo. Trata-se de
pesquisa social aplicada, sob a técnica de estudo de caso, de raciocínio hipotético
dedutivo que se valeu de instrumentos de coleta de dados como fontes documentais
e entrevistas semiestruturadas, dados analisados e interpretados conforme a proposta
metodológica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2016). O estudo corroborou as
hipóteses sobre a falibilidade do processo participativo do Plano Diretor, considerando
a parca transferência de poder para a esfera pública evidenciado pela ínfima
autorização legislativa.
As a product of modernity the city presents itself as an imposing and inevitable lifestyle, and as the material basis for the realization of human praxis becomes the predominant scenario of realization and denial of rights. The urban phenomenon has become a complex and necessary object of study because, as the text, the city materializes the synthesis of social conflicts imposed by the colonizing rationality of the State - Market and the resistance of individuals and groups within their historical conditions in the process of appropriation. urban land. The modern city was instrumentalized and had its social functions of encounter, play and realm of use distorted, generating a process of segregation through the private appropriation of urban land tolerated by the public power in a planning tradition that was justified for a reason. practice grounded in the relationship between ends and scientific technical argument. Jürgem Habermas (1997) started from the diagnosis of social scientists and philosophers about the crisis of rationality references then in force to propose the communicative reason that seeks legitimation in the processes of communicative interaction between free and equal speakers who seek the formation of a consensus intersubjectively. which is justified by the participation itself. In this rational model the proposal of deliberative democracy was structured that uses the institutionalized processes of participation as justification of the norm. The Urban Policy presents the Participatory Master Plan as a democratic management tool to order the full urban development of the city, having as its condition of validity its processing in a deliberative environment. In this sense, this dissertation intends to analyze the democratic condition of the Guanambi Participatory Master Plan, complementary law No. 223 approved on December 4, 2007. The case study will emphasize the participatory aspect by focusing on the premises of deliberative democracy proposed by Jürgem Habermas, also presenting provocative elements for applied discussion about the relationship between participation, recognition and effectiveness of the norm, as explained in the research data. The theoretical review was based on the conceptual and legal approach of the Master Plan Institute, considering its democratic condition and the utopian project of the right to the city, and presentation of the premises of deliberative democracy guided by the concepts of communicative reason, organized civil society, the public sphere and their possibilities of application in participatory institutional design. This is a social research applied, under the case study technique, of deductive hypothetical reasoning that used data collection instruments such as documentary sources and semi-structured interviews, data analyzed and interpreted according to the methodological proposal of content analysis. Bardin (2016). The study corroborated the hypotheses about the fallibility of the participatory process of the Master Plan, considering the poor transfer of power to the public sphere evidenced by the minimal legislative authorization.
As a product of modernity the city presents itself as an imposing and inevitable lifestyle, and as the material basis for the realization of human praxis becomes the predominant scenario of realization and denial of rights. The urban phenomenon has become a complex and necessary object of study because, as the text, the city materializes the synthesis of social conflicts imposed by the colonizing rationality of the State - Market and the resistance of individuals and groups within their historical conditions in the process of appropriation. urban land. The modern city was instrumentalized and had its social functions of encounter, play and realm of use distorted, generating a process of segregation through the private appropriation of urban land tolerated by the public power in a planning tradition that was justified for a reason. practice grounded in the relationship between ends and scientific technical argument. Jürgem Habermas (1997) started from the diagnosis of social scientists and philosophers about the crisis of rationality references then in force to propose the communicative reason that seeks legitimation in the processes of communicative interaction between free and equal speakers who seek the formation of a consensus intersubjectively. which is justified by the participation itself. In this rational model the proposal of deliberative democracy was structured that uses the institutionalized processes of participation as justification of the norm. The Urban Policy presents the Participatory Master Plan as a democratic management tool to order the full urban development of the city, having as its condition of validity its processing in a deliberative environment. In this sense, this dissertation intends to analyze the democratic condition of the Guanambi Participatory Master Plan, complementary law No. 223 approved on December 4, 2007. The case study will emphasize the participatory aspect by focusing on the premises of deliberative democracy proposed by Jürgem Habermas, also presenting provocative elements for applied discussion about the relationship between participation, recognition and effectiveness of the norm, as explained in the research data. The theoretical review was based on the conceptual and legal approach of the Master Plan Institute, considering its democratic condition and the utopian project of the right to the city, and presentation of the premises of deliberative democracy guided by the concepts of communicative reason, organized civil society, the public sphere and their possibilities of application in participatory institutional design. This is a social research applied, under the case study technique, of deductive hypothetical reasoning that used data collection instruments such as documentary sources and semi-structured interviews, data analyzed and interpreted according to the methodological proposal of content analysis. Bardin (2016). The study corroborated the hypotheses about the fallibility of the participatory process of the Master Plan, considering the poor transfer of power to the public sphere evidenced by the minimal legislative authorization.
Palavras-chave
Democracia Deliberativa, Estatuto da Cidade, Participação, Plano Diretor, Política Urbana