O Impacto do Daltonismo na Aviação Civil
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Data
2022-11-29
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Telles da Silva, Lucas
Orientador
Severo de Oliveira, Marcos Fernando
Coorientador
Resumo
Esta monografia teve como objetivo mostrar o impacto do daltonismo na aviação civil, as diferentes normas e regulamentação sobre o tema ao redor do mundo, com ênfase na regulamentação brasileira da ANAC, na americana FAA e na europeia EASA. Mostrou que não há um consenso e padrão entre as agências regulatórias na utilização de testes de percepção de cores para classificar o piloto como “seguro” e que, mesmo o piloto diagnosticado com discromatopsia, pode conseguir o certificado médico aeronáutico de primeira classe dependendo do seu país de origem. O trabalho mostrou que a maioria dos testes de visão de cores, não quantificam realmente a perda de visão cromática, servem somente para diagnosticar o daltonismo e que ainda não há um consenso e estudos científicos suficientes para a definição da ICAO quando menciona que, o piloto deve “ler e perceber as cores usadas para o necessário desempenho seguro das suas funções”. A falta de um teste padrão e mais prático quanto a real análise do que seria essa “percepção de cores” gera problemas, pois o candidato muitas vezes não consegue o seu certificado médico em países onde a legislação é mais rígida. O estudo também teve por objetivo mostrar os diferentes testes realizados para daltonismo, incluindo o novo teste CAD desenvolvido no Reino Unido e o “Operational Color Visual Analysis” já em operação na Austrália, Nova Zelândia e nos EUA, com pequenas diferenças. O trabalho caracterizou-se em uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva e qualitativa com a análise de artigos científicos, regulamentos técnicos, livros, manuais da ICAO, manuais de aeronaves e da legislação aeronáutica vigente sobre o assunto. Foi realizada também uma pesquisa com a técnica de questionário com pilotos daltônicos para avaliar suas dificuldades em seu ambiente prático de operação (voo). Ao final do estudo conclui-se que a grande maioria dos pilotos portadores de daltonismo não colocam em risco a segurança de voo, pois usam outras ferramentas disponíveis para exercer a profissão de forma segura, quando necessário. A pesquisa também concluiu que um teste prático operacional é mais justo, visto que avalia o piloto em seu ambiente natural de trabalho, obtendo-se dados reais sobre se ele pode ou não ser considerado seguro no exercício de sua função.
This monography aimed to show the impact of color blindness in civil aviation, the different rules and regulations on the subject around the world, with emphasis on the Brazilian regulation of ANAC, the American FAA and the European EASA. It showed that, there is no consensus and standard among regulatory agencies in the use of color perception tests to classify the pilot as "safe" and that even the pilot being diagnosed with dyschromatopsia, he can obtain the first class aeronautical medical certificate depending on his country of origin. The academic work has shown that most color vision tests do not really quantify the chromatic vision loss, they only serve to diagnose color blindness, and that there is still not enough consensus and scientific studies to define the ICAO when it mentions that the pilot must “read and understand the colors used for the necessary safe performance of their duties”. The lack of a standard and more practical test regarding the real analysis of what this “color perception” would be, creates problems, as the candidate often does not obtain his medical certificate in countries where the legislation is stricter. The research also aimed to show the different tests performed for color blindness, including the new CAD test developed in the UK and the “Operational Color Visual Analysis” already in operation in Australia, New Zealand and the USA, with minor differences. The study was characterized in a descriptive and qualitative exploratory research with the analysis of scientific articles, technical regulations, books, ICAO manuals, aircraft manuals and the current aeronautical legislation on the subject. A survey was also carried out using the questionnaire technique with colorblind pilots to assess their difficulties in their real work environment (flight). At the end of the study, it is concluded that the vast majority of pilots with color blindness do not put the flight safety at risk, as they use other available tools to exercise their profession safely, when necessary. The research also concluded that an operational practical test is fairer, since it evaluates the pilot in his natural working environment, obtaining real data on whether or not he can be considered safe in the exercise of his function.
This monography aimed to show the impact of color blindness in civil aviation, the different rules and regulations on the subject around the world, with emphasis on the Brazilian regulation of ANAC, the American FAA and the European EASA. It showed that, there is no consensus and standard among regulatory agencies in the use of color perception tests to classify the pilot as "safe" and that even the pilot being diagnosed with dyschromatopsia, he can obtain the first class aeronautical medical certificate depending on his country of origin. The academic work has shown that most color vision tests do not really quantify the chromatic vision loss, they only serve to diagnose color blindness, and that there is still not enough consensus and scientific studies to define the ICAO when it mentions that the pilot must “read and understand the colors used for the necessary safe performance of their duties”. The lack of a standard and more practical test regarding the real analysis of what this “color perception” would be, creates problems, as the candidate often does not obtain his medical certificate in countries where the legislation is stricter. The research also aimed to show the different tests performed for color blindness, including the new CAD test developed in the UK and the “Operational Color Visual Analysis” already in operation in Australia, New Zealand and the USA, with minor differences. The study was characterized in a descriptive and qualitative exploratory research with the analysis of scientific articles, technical regulations, books, ICAO manuals, aircraft manuals and the current aeronautical legislation on the subject. A survey was also carried out using the questionnaire technique with colorblind pilots to assess their difficulties in their real work environment (flight). At the end of the study, it is concluded that the vast majority of pilots with color blindness do not put the flight safety at risk, as they use other available tools to exercise their profession safely, when necessary. The research also concluded that an operational practical test is fairer, since it evaluates the pilot in his natural working environment, obtaining real data on whether or not he can be considered safe in the exercise of his function.
Palavras-chave
Daltonismo, Discromatopsia, Visão de cores, Segurança de voo, Visão cromática, Color blindness, Color vision, Flight safety, Chromatic vision, Dyschromatopsia