Política de saúde mental no Brasil: os impactos sociais da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira
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Data
2024-06
Tipo de documento
Monografia
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ISSN da Revista
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Área do conhecimento
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
FERNANDES, Letícia Lembo
FERNANDES, Lydiane Pacheco Farias Machado
SAMPAIO, Viviam Serrão
Orientador
BRUNONI, Jéssica Silva
Coorientador
Resumo
A presente pesquisa, analisa o impacto das políticas de saúde mental no Brasil, com foco na inclusão social e no acesso aos serviços de saúde para pacientes psiquiátricos, desde a Reforma da Psiquiatria Brasileira. Utilizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, buscando evidências sobre a promoção da inclusão social e a melhoria do acesso aos serviços públicos de saúde para pacientes psiquiátricos com a proposta de analisar o impacto das políticas de saúde mental no Brasil, na inclusão social e acesso aos serviços de saúde aos pacientes psiquiátricos, trazendo a reflexão a respeito da promoção da inclusão e a melhoria do acesso aos serviços de saúde para as pessoas com transtornos mentais. Foram selecionados 10 artigos relevantes publicados entre 2019 e 2022, através da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), utilizando os descritores "Assistência à Saúde Mental" e "Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental”. Os resultados dessa pesquisa apresentaram a assistência humanizada de políticas públicas e das portarias do sistema único de saúde (SUS), dentro das análises de forma significativa, a reestruturação no cuidado aos pacientes psiquiátricos, práticas mais respeitosas e inclusivas. É possível, perceber que ainda existem desafios: como a estigmatização, a falta de recursos adequados e a resistência de setores conservadores. Os 10 artigos analisados frisam a importância do avanço na saúde brasileira na questão que ainda é tabu, a saúde mental, a integração dos serviços na atenção primária e a criação de programas de reabilitação psicossocial. A descentralização e a inclusão de práticas comunitárias foram exemplificadas por iniciativas como a reforma psiquiátrica em Juiz de Fora/MG, que facilitou o acesso aos cuidados e promoveu a inclusão social. Conclui-se que, apesar dos avanços, a defesa de um modelo de atenção à saúde mental baseado na comunidade e no respeito aos direitos humanos é fundamental. A reintrodução de hospitais psiquiátricos na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) é vista como um retrocesso, indicando a necessidade de fortalecer os serviços substitutivos de base comunitária. Um tema abrangente onde promove o estímulo à inclusão social, onde analisará os efeitos políticos sociais, a melhoria no sistema de saúde mental baseado no livro da Arbex e investigando os desafios futuros dessa população que tanto sofreu no período antes da reforma.
The present research analyzes the impact of mental health politics in Brazil, focusing on social inclusion and access to health services for psychiatric patients since the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. An integrative literature review was conducted to gather evidence on promoting social inclusion and improving access to public health services for psychiatric patients, aiming to examine the impact of mental health policies in Brazil on social inclusion and healthcare access for psychiatric patients, reflecting on the promotion of inclusion and enhancement of healthcare access for individuals with mental disorders. Ten relevant articles published between 2019 and 2022 were selected from the Virtual Health Library (BVS) using the descriptors "Mental Health Care" and "Community Mental Health Services". The results of this research highlighted the humanized care provided by public policies and ordinances of the Unified Health System (SUS), significantly restructuring psychiatric patient care towards more respectful and inclusive practices. Itis evident that challenges remain, such as stigma, inadequate resources, and resistance from conservative sectors. The 10 analyzed articles underscored the importance of advancements in Brazilian healthcare regarding the still-taboo issue of mental health, integrating services into primary care, and establishing psychosocial rehabilitation programs. Decentralization and community practice inclusion were exemplified by initiatives like the psychiatric reform in Juiz de Fora/MG, which improved access to care and promoted social inclusion. It is concluded that despite progress, advocating for a community-based mental health care model that respects human rights is crucial. The reintroduction of psychiatric hospitals into the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) is viewed as a setback, underscoring the need to strengthen community-based substitute services. This comprehensive theme promotes social inclusion, analyzes socio-political effects, and investigates improvements in the mental health system based on Arbex's book, exploring future challenges for this population that suffered greatly before the reform period.
The present research analyzes the impact of mental health politics in Brazil, focusing on social inclusion and access to health services for psychiatric patients since the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. An integrative literature review was conducted to gather evidence on promoting social inclusion and improving access to public health services for psychiatric patients, aiming to examine the impact of mental health policies in Brazil on social inclusion and healthcare access for psychiatric patients, reflecting on the promotion of inclusion and enhancement of healthcare access for individuals with mental disorders. Ten relevant articles published between 2019 and 2022 were selected from the Virtual Health Library (BVS) using the descriptors "Mental Health Care" and "Community Mental Health Services". The results of this research highlighted the humanized care provided by public policies and ordinances of the Unified Health System (SUS), significantly restructuring psychiatric patient care towards more respectful and inclusive practices. Itis evident that challenges remain, such as stigma, inadequate resources, and resistance from conservative sectors. The 10 analyzed articles underscored the importance of advancements in Brazilian healthcare regarding the still-taboo issue of mental health, integrating services into primary care, and establishing psychosocial rehabilitation programs. Decentralization and community practice inclusion were exemplified by initiatives like the psychiatric reform in Juiz de Fora/MG, which improved access to care and promoted social inclusion. It is concluded that despite progress, advocating for a community-based mental health care model that respects human rights is crucial. The reintroduction of psychiatric hospitals into the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) is viewed as a setback, underscoring the need to strengthen community-based substitute services. This comprehensive theme promotes social inclusion, analyzes socio-political effects, and investigates improvements in the mental health system based on Arbex's book, exploring future challenges for this population that suffered greatly before the reform period.
Palavras-chave
Reforma psiquiátrica brasileira, Assistência à saúde mental, Serviços comunitários de saúde mental, Inclusão social, Políticas públicas