Engenharia Química
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Relatório de Estágio Acesso aberto Avaliação da composição química da água da chuva nos municípios de Tubarão e Capivari de Baixo, no estado de Santa Catarina(2019) Brida, Caroline Ehing deThis study addresses some of the aspects related to rainwater quality in the municipalities of Tubarão and Capivari de Baixo, state of Santa Catarina. The development of this work aims to evaluate the chemical composition of rainwater through the implementation of a sampling strategy in four locations in the southern region of the state, aiming to determine its characteristics from January to October 2019. Sampling was performed at four points: Capivari de Baixo Station, São Bernardo, Vila Moema and Meteorological Station. In all monitoring stations, the sampling strategy adopted was the installation of wet deposition collectors, which were made with PVC pipes, sewage caps and funnels. Another methodology used in this report, called automatic station, is performed by means of an equipment, which controls the collection of samples according to the occurrence of rain, and it is possible to sample in two different ways: dry and wet precipitation. For Capivari de Baixo, São Bernardo, Vila Moema and Meteorológica stations, the samples were always taken one day after the rain, and until October 2019 a total of 35 samples were collected. For Automatic Station, 30 samples were collected between dry and wet depositions, every 15 days since January 2019. To determine the chemical composition of the collected samples, the following parameters were analyzed: ammonium, calcium, chloride, magnesium ions , nitrate, potassium, sodium, sulfate, acetate, formate, fluoride, phosphate and nitrite, in addition to pH and conductivity measurements. The obtained results were statistically treated for the subsequent determination of the chemical composition of the rain in each of the stations in their respective sampling periods. None of the samples collected at Capivari de Baixo, São Bernardo, Vila Moema and Meteorológica stations presented pH below 5.0, so it can be said that there was no occurrence of acid rain in the region during the monitoring period. For samples collected at the automatic station, taking into account the monitoring period as a whole, volume-weighted averages indicate pH values of 5.85 and 5.23 for dry and wet depositions, respectively, the results of which require special attention. Regarding the chemical composition of rainwater, it was noted that the concentrations of calcium, chlorine, sulfate and nitrate are present more significantly, while the percentages of acetate and formate ions are practically irrelevant. With the correlation between the ions determined in the samples, obtained through the application of the Pearson matrix, it was verified that there is the influence of anthropogenic sources, marine spray and resuspended dust in the atmospheric precipitation composition of the region. Keywords : atmospheric precipitation. Ionic composition . Air pollution