Alterações hematológicas em pacientes diagnosticados com COVID-19: Uma revisão da literatura
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Data
2021-12-08
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso fechado
Editora
Autores
Duarte, Eduarda Agostinho
Sagás, Adriano Alves
Orientador
Silva, Bruna
Coorientador
Resumo
RESUMO
Introdução: A COVID-19 é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV2, pode apresentar sintomas leves até manifestações mais graves, a presença
comorbidades que fragilizam o sistema imunológico, contribuem para a evolução
da patologia, podendo levar a pneumonia viral, Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave
(SARS) e até ao óbito. O novo coronavírus é uma patologia sistêmica que se
manifesta pela expressão de uma proteína nos alvéolos pulmonares, a Enzima
Conversora de Angiotensina 2, que irá desencadear uma cascata de citocinas e
processo inflamatório exacerbado, manifestado por alterações tromboembólicas. O
diagnóstico é feito por RT-PCR mas os exames hematológicos podem ser de
extrema importância ao prognóstico, monitoramento e conduta terapêutica da
patologia. Objetivo: Relatar e discutir parâmetros hematológicos encontradas em
casos moderados e graves de covid-19, incluindo alterações leucocitárias,
plaquetárias e distúrbios de coagulação. Metodologia: O presente estudo se trata
de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, em busca de relatar a importância dos
parâmetros hematológicos diante dessa infecção e suas complicações.
Resultados e Discussões: Entre as alterações encontradas podem-se ressaltar a
leucocitose, neutrofilia, linfopenia como principais indicadores na série branca
desse processo inflamatório desencadeado no organismo. Representando com
maior especificidade as complicações, tem-se a série vermelha com redução de
hemoglobina, hiperferritinemia e série plaquetária com trombocitose e
trombocitopenia. Conclusão: Visto que a principal complicação da patologia de
forma geral inclui distúrbios de coagulação, o acompanhamento dos exames de
hematologia é fundamental para que os profissionais de saúde possam determinar
a situação clínica e o tratamento, identificação precoce de complicações e medidas
preventivas.
ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it can present mild even more severe conditions, often depending on the presence of comorbidities that weaken the immune system and contribute to the evolution of the pathology, which can lead to viral pneumonia, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and even death. The new coronavirus is a systemic pathology that is manifested by the expression of a protein in the pulmonary alveoli, the Angiotensin 2 Converting Enzyme, which will trigger a cascade of cytokines and exacerbated inflammatory process, manifested by thromboembolic alterations. Diagnosis is made by RT-PCR, but hematological exams can be extremely important for the prognosis, monitoring and therapeutic management of the pathology. Objective: To report and discuss hematological parameters found in moderate and severe cases with covid-19, including leukocyte, platelet and coagulation disorders. Methodology: This study is a integrative literature review, seeking to report the importance of hematological parameters in the face of this infection and its complications. Results and Discussion: Among the alterations found, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia can be highlighted as the main indicators in the white series of this inflammatory process triggered in the body. Representing complications with greater specificity, there is the red series with reduced hemoglobin, hyperferritinemia and platelet series with thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Since the main complication of the pathology in general includes coagulation disorders, the monitoring of hematology tests is essential for health professionals to determine the clinical situation and treatment, early identification of complications and preventive measures.
ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it can present mild even more severe conditions, often depending on the presence of comorbidities that weaken the immune system and contribute to the evolution of the pathology, which can lead to viral pneumonia, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and even death. The new coronavirus is a systemic pathology that is manifested by the expression of a protein in the pulmonary alveoli, the Angiotensin 2 Converting Enzyme, which will trigger a cascade of cytokines and exacerbated inflammatory process, manifested by thromboembolic alterations. Diagnosis is made by RT-PCR, but hematological exams can be extremely important for the prognosis, monitoring and therapeutic management of the pathology. Objective: To report and discuss hematological parameters found in moderate and severe cases with covid-19, including leukocyte, platelet and coagulation disorders. Methodology: This study is a integrative literature review, seeking to report the importance of hematological parameters in the face of this infection and its complications. Results and Discussion: Among the alterations found, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia can be highlighted as the main indicators in the white series of this inflammatory process triggered in the body. Representing complications with greater specificity, there is the red series with reduced hemoglobin, hyperferritinemia and platelet series with thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Since the main complication of the pathology in general includes coagulation disorders, the monitoring of hematology tests is essential for health professionals to determine the clinical situation and treatment, early identification of complications and preventive measures.
Palavras-chave
COVID-19, Hematologia, SARS-CoV-2, Alterações