A influência da alimentação na microbiota intestinal humana
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Data
2023-12
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
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Área do conhecimento
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso embargado
Editora
Autores
PEREIRA, Amanda Barbara Domingos
SANTOS, Carla Cristina dos
ANACLLETO, Isabel Fernandes Alves
CRUZ, Luana Vieira
FREITAS, Samira Bassi de
Orientador
GUIMARÃES, Débora
Coorientador
Resumo
A revisão aborda aspectos importantes relacionados à microbiota intestinal (MI) e sua interação com a alimentação, saúde e doenças. A colonização inicial da MI, influenciada pela via de parto, destaca a importância dos eventos iniciais na vida humana. Fatores como meio ambiente, uso de medicamentos, alimentação, sistema imunológico, genética, pré e probióticos são reconhecidos como influenciadores da composição e função da MI, na qual desempenha funções metabólicas, endócrinas e imunomoduladoras no organismo. A dieta é determinante, podendo promover o crescimento de bactérias benéficas ou prejudiciais. Alimentos ultraprocessados e ricos em açúcares favorecem o aumento de bactérias patogênicas, enquanto uma dieta equilibrada, rica em alimentos in natura, proporciona um ambiente intestinal saudável. O desequilíbrio desses microrganismos na MI, causam a disbiose intestinal (DI), diretamente relacionada a uma série de doenças. Como intervenções dietéticas para prevenção e tratamento da DI, os estudos confirmaram que evitar alimentos ultraprocessados e incentivar o consumo de alimentos in natura é uma estratégia eficaz, na melhora da composição e função da MI, prevenindo a DI. A ingestão adequada de fibras, especialmente as insolúveis, regula o trânsito intestinal. Alimentos e suplementos pré e probióticos favorecem uma MI mais diversificada e saudável, auxiliando na síntese de nutrientes essenciais, refletindo na saúde metabólica, favorecendo a presença de bactérias associadas a um peso saudável, contribuindo para a modulação adequada de respostas imunes e protegendo contra infecções e condições inflamatórias e autoimunes. O uso de antibióticos afeta negativamente a MI, levando à DI. Uma alimentação saudável pode auxiliar na recuperação da MI durante e após o tratamento com antibióticos. Essa conexão entre alimentação, MI e saúde amplia a compreensão dos cuidados de saúde e destaca a importância de abordagens integradas que consideram não apenas os sintomas, mas também os fatores subjacentes que influenciam a saúde. Abordagens personalizadas e equilibradas à dieta, impactam na promoção e manutenção da saúde ao longo da vida.
The review addresses important aspects related to the intestinal microbiota (IM) and its interaction with nutrition, health, and disease. The initial colonization of the IM, influenced by the route of delivery, highlights the importance of early events in human life. Factors such as the environment, the use of medication, diet, the immune system, genetics, pre- and probiotics are recognized as influencing the composition and function of the IM, which plays metabolic, endocrine and immunomodulatory roles in the body. Diet is a determining factor and can promote the growth of beneficial or harmful bacteria. Ultra-processed foods and foods rich in sugar favor the growth of pathogenic bacteria, while a balanced diet, rich in fresh foods, provides a healthy intestinal environment. The imbalance of these microorganisms in the gut causes intestinal dysbiosis (ID), which is directly related to a number of diseases. As dietary interventions for the prevention and treatment of IBD, studies have confirmed that avoiding ultra- processed foods and encouraging the consumption of fresh foods is an effective strategy for improving the composition and function of the ICM and preventing IBD. Adequate fiber intake, especially insoluble fiber, regulates intestinal transit. Pre and probiotic foods and supplements favor a more diverse and healthy gut, helping in the synthesis of essential nutrients, reflecting on metabolic health, favoring the presence of bacteria associated with a healthy weight, contributing to the proper modulation of immune responses and protecting against infections and inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. The use of antibiotics negatively affects IM, leading to DI. A healthy diet can help IM recover during and after antibiotic treatment. This connection between food, IM and health broadens the understanding of healthcare and highlights the importance of integrated approaches that consider not only symptoms, but also the underlying factors that influence health. Personalized and balanced approaches to diet have an impact on promoting and maintaining health throughout life.
The review addresses important aspects related to the intestinal microbiota (IM) and its interaction with nutrition, health, and disease. The initial colonization of the IM, influenced by the route of delivery, highlights the importance of early events in human life. Factors such as the environment, the use of medication, diet, the immune system, genetics, pre- and probiotics are recognized as influencing the composition and function of the IM, which plays metabolic, endocrine and immunomodulatory roles in the body. Diet is a determining factor and can promote the growth of beneficial or harmful bacteria. Ultra-processed foods and foods rich in sugar favor the growth of pathogenic bacteria, while a balanced diet, rich in fresh foods, provides a healthy intestinal environment. The imbalance of these microorganisms in the gut causes intestinal dysbiosis (ID), which is directly related to a number of diseases. As dietary interventions for the prevention and treatment of IBD, studies have confirmed that avoiding ultra- processed foods and encouraging the consumption of fresh foods is an effective strategy for improving the composition and function of the ICM and preventing IBD. Adequate fiber intake, especially insoluble fiber, regulates intestinal transit. Pre and probiotic foods and supplements favor a more diverse and healthy gut, helping in the synthesis of essential nutrients, reflecting on metabolic health, favoring the presence of bacteria associated with a healthy weight, contributing to the proper modulation of immune responses and protecting against infections and inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. The use of antibiotics negatively affects IM, leading to DI. A healthy diet can help IM recover during and after antibiotic treatment. This connection between food, IM and health broadens the understanding of healthcare and highlights the importance of integrated approaches that consider not only symptoms, but also the underlying factors that influence health. Personalized and balanced approaches to diet have an impact on promoting and maintaining health throughout life.
Palavras-chave
Trato gastrointestinal, Microbiota intestinal, Padrão alimentar, Disbiose intestinal