Filtros Lentos Domiciliares (FLDs) aplicado ao tratamento de água em comunidades isoladas: uma breve revisão crítica
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Data
2022-12-07
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Engenharias
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Souza, Giulia Scatolin de
Teixeira, Grazielle Leão
Conde, Isabella Alves
Orientador
Souza, João Vitor Rodrigues de
Coorientador
Resumo
A falta de acesso à água potável é um grande desafio enfrentado pelas comunidades isoladas no Brasil, que utilizam fontes de água inadequadas para o consumo, ocasionando graves problemas a saúde. Portanto, a busca por métodos alternativos de tratamento de água é fundamental para viabilizar o acesso à água de qualidade. Os Filtros Lentos Domiciliares (FLDs) são uma opção comumente empregada para essa finalidade, devido a sua facilidade de construção e operação. Sua estrutura consiste em camadas de areia e pedregulhos, ou materiais de granulometrias semelhantes, que auxiliam na remoção de materiais suspensos na superfície. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar e comparar diferentes publicações sobre os FLDs, seus parâmetros operacionais, mecanismos, e eficiência de remoção de poluentes biológicos. Durante as análises, foi possível perceber variáveis que interferem diretamente na eficiência do filtro, como, a formação da camada biológica no meio filtrante, também conhecida como schmutzdecke, que auxilia na degradação da matéria orgânica e na remoção de patógenos, apresentando resultados que variam de 80% a 100% de remoção de Coliformes Totais e Escherichia Coli. Os resultados obtidos também variavam de acordo com as características da água bruta no pré-tratamento, materiais usados e a espessura da camada filtrante. Por fim, constatou-se que os FLDs possuem custo acessível, e demonstraram-se eficientes na remoção de poluentes biológicos, desde que avaliado as condições da água bruta.
The lack of access to drinking water is a big challenge faced by isolated communities in Brazil, which generally use inadequate sources for consumption that may cause serious diseases. Thus, the search for alternative methods of water treatment is essential to enable access to quality water. Household Slow Filters (HSF) are a used option for this purpose, due to their easy construction and operation. Its structure consists of layers of sand and gravel, or materials of similar granulometry, which helps in structuring the removal of materials suspended on the surface. In this scenario, the present study aims to provide a brief overview from the earliest to the most recent publications on the HSF design, operational parameters, removal mechanisms, and efficiency. During analysis, it was possible to perceive variables that affect the efficiency of the filter, such as the formation of the biological film in the filter layers, also known as schmutzdecke, which helps the degradation of organic matter and in the removal of pathogens, presenting results that are in range between 80% and 100% removal of Total Coliforms and Escherichia Coli. The results obtained by the authors also change according to the characteristics of the raw water in the pre-treatment, the materials used and the thickness of the filter layer. Finally, it was found that the HSF have an affordable cost, and is effective in the removal of biological pollutants, as long as the effluent conditions are evaluated.
The lack of access to drinking water is a big challenge faced by isolated communities in Brazil, which generally use inadequate sources for consumption that may cause serious diseases. Thus, the search for alternative methods of water treatment is essential to enable access to quality water. Household Slow Filters (HSF) are a used option for this purpose, due to their easy construction and operation. Its structure consists of layers of sand and gravel, or materials of similar granulometry, which helps in structuring the removal of materials suspended on the surface. In this scenario, the present study aims to provide a brief overview from the earliest to the most recent publications on the HSF design, operational parameters, removal mechanisms, and efficiency. During analysis, it was possible to perceive variables that affect the efficiency of the filter, such as the formation of the biological film in the filter layers, also known as schmutzdecke, which helps the degradation of organic matter and in the removal of pathogens, presenting results that are in range between 80% and 100% removal of Total Coliforms and Escherichia Coli. The results obtained by the authors also change according to the characteristics of the raw water in the pre-treatment, the materials used and the thickness of the filter layer. Finally, it was found that the HSF have an affordable cost, and is effective in the removal of biological pollutants, as long as the effluent conditions are evaluated.
Palavras-chave
FLDs, Tratamento, Água, Filtro, Filtração lenta