Potencial de geração de energia proveniente de casca de arroz
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Data
2014
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Engenharias
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Boaretto, Natália Zimmermann
Orientador
Mafra, Ricardo Moacyr
Coorientador
Resumo
Com o consumo de energia elétrica crescendo ano após ano, tornou-se necessário buscar soluções para substituição das fontes que são tradicionalmente utilizadas e, principalmente, a independência das matrizes de hidroeletricidade. Nesse contexto, a biomassa insere-se como uma importante alternativa para tal substituição, e, dentre as biomassas provenientes de resíduos agroindustriais, apresenta-se a casca de arroz que possui um imenso potencial devido sua produção no País e por seus resíduos serem descartados sem finalidades mais eficientes. O foco do trabalho consiste no estudo do potencial de geração de energia utilizando como combustível biomassa proveniente de casca de arroz, uma vez que o poder calorífico inferior da casca de arroz supera aos de outras biomassas, sem diminuir a produção de alimentos e a custos baixos. Desta forma, calculou-se a quantidade necessária de arroz em casca para produzir 1MWh de energia elétrica e a quantidade de casca e de cinzas gerada no processo. As cinzas, produzidas pela queima da biomassa, são os resíduos mais significativos gerados no processo e os que causam maior preocupação do ponto de vista ambiental, porém, há uma quantidade cada vez maior de usos comerciais destes subprodutos. Atualmente, o potencial de energia elétrica gerada a partir de casca de arroz no Brasil corresponde a 37,53 MW por ano, representando 0,028% do total da produção de energia elétrica do País, se o potencial nacional total de casca de arroz fosse aproveitado geraria 245,76 MW por ano, seis vezes e meia maior que a capacidade explorada nos dias de hoje, e a região sul é o local com maior potencial de geração de energia a partir de casca de arroz, com um potencial de 190,80 MW. A quantidade necessária de casca de arroz para suprir a demanda de 1MW é de 14,1 mil toneladas por ano, que produzem 2,5 mil toneladas de cinza ao ano. Contudo, a geração de energia através da queima da casca de arroz é uma alternativa viável do aspecto tecnológico e ecológico
With electricity consumption growing year after year, it became necessary to search solutions for the replacement of the sources that are traditionally used and especially the independence of the matrices of hydroelectricity. In this context, biomass falls as an important alternative for such replacement, and, among the biomass from agricultural residues, presents the rice husk which has a huge potential because of its production in the country and their waste is disposed of without more efficient purposes. The focus of the paper is to study the potential for power generation of using as fuel biomass from rice husk, since the lower calorific value of rice husk outperforms the other biomass without diminishing food production and lower costs. Thus, was calculated the required amount of rice husk to produce 1MWh of electricity, the amount of bark and ash generated in the process. The ash produced by biomass burning, are the most significant waste generated in the process and causing greatest worry from an environmental view, even though there is an increasing variety comercial use of these products. Nowadays, the potential of electricity generated from rice husk in Brazil corresponds to 37.53 MW per year, representing 0.028% of the total electricity production in the country, if the total national potential of rice husk was availed, would generate 245.76 MW a year, more than six times and half used the capacity currently , and the southern region would be the site with the highest potential for energy generation from rice husk, with a potential of 190.80 MW. The required quantity of rice husk to supply 1MW demand is 14,1 tons, generating 2,5 tons of ash. Therefore, the generation of energy through the burning of rice husk is a viable alternative technological and ecological aspect
With electricity consumption growing year after year, it became necessary to search solutions for the replacement of the sources that are traditionally used and especially the independence of the matrices of hydroelectricity. In this context, biomass falls as an important alternative for such replacement, and, among the biomass from agricultural residues, presents the rice husk which has a huge potential because of its production in the country and their waste is disposed of without more efficient purposes. The focus of the paper is to study the potential for power generation of using as fuel biomass from rice husk, since the lower calorific value of rice husk outperforms the other biomass without diminishing food production and lower costs. Thus, was calculated the required amount of rice husk to produce 1MWh of electricity, the amount of bark and ash generated in the process. The ash produced by biomass burning, are the most significant waste generated in the process and causing greatest worry from an environmental view, even though there is an increasing variety comercial use of these products. Nowadays, the potential of electricity generated from rice husk in Brazil corresponds to 37.53 MW per year, representing 0.028% of the total electricity production in the country, if the total national potential of rice husk was availed, would generate 245.76 MW a year, more than six times and half used the capacity currently , and the southern region would be the site with the highest potential for energy generation from rice husk, with a potential of 190.80 MW. The required quantity of rice husk to supply 1MW demand is 14,1 tons, generating 2,5 tons of ash. Therefore, the generation of energy through the burning of rice husk is a viable alternative technological and ecological aspect
Palavras-chave
Energia elétrica - produção, Recursos energéticos, Biomassa, Arroz