A Teoria Da Interdependência Como Ferramenta Estabilizadora No Iraque
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Data
2021-12-10
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Jye, Jaime Tseng
Matos, João
Pinto, Júlia
Witts, Júlia
Foca, Otávio
Orientador
Vitor Sanches Lira, Paulo
Coorientador
Resumo
O Iraque é um país situado em uma região de conflitos, com uma economia diretamente afetada por esse fator. Além de ter grandes problemas sociais e demonstrar ser um Estado agressivo, possui em seu território grandes reservas de petróleo e gás. Alsácia e Lorena foram palco de vários conflitos entre França e Império Prussiano, pois esses dois Estados tinham interesses em suas ricas jazidas de carvão e ferro, duas matérias importantes para o contexto da evolução industrial que estava ocorrendo na época. A história do embate entre os dois países se remonta desde a Idade Média, com os Tratados de Westfália, em 1648, onde a França anexou o território em seu reinado, sendo devolvida ao Império Prussiano no tratado de Frankfurt, onde marcou o final da guerra Franco-Prussiana, em 1871. A França, com sentimento de vingança, pois sentia que havia perdido o seu prestígio para a Alemanha, fez frente ao seu rival, nascendo assim o que é chamado de Revanchismo Francês, um movimento para recuperar sua influência na Europa e tomar de volta às cidades de Alsácia e Lorena, um dos fatores do começo da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Ao longo desses conflitos, em 1944, aconteceu a criação da Benelux, um acordo entre Bélgica, Países Baixos e Luxemburgo, sendo a primeira tentativa de uma integração regional na Europa. Somente em 1957, após vários acordos e tratativas entre diversos países do continente europeu, que a União Europeia foi criada, sendo o marco para, finalmente, acabar com os conflitos que existiam entre os Estados da região, principalmente a já aqui mencionada, entre França e a já unificada Alemanha. O caso do Iraque, se assemelha, em grande parte, com os conflitos citados acima, lutas por territórios e seus recursos naturais. O Oriente Médio se destaca pelas grandes reservas de petróleo e gás, principalmente na região do golfo pérsico. Porém, existem outros fatores que são mais complexos do que somente produtos naturais, entre eles os problemas sociais, educacionais e religiosos, como citado. Devido a esses fatores e ao histórico de respostas das agressões no Iraque, a busca por um contexto de paz se torna quase impossível, ora por ser governado direcionado ao conflito em si, ora por atores externos terem interesses em seus recursos. As relações religiosas também são causas para essas situações, pois motiva o conflito com outros grupos religiosos e outros Estados.
Iraq is a country located in a region of conflicts and has an economy shaken by this factor. In addition to having major social problems, it demonstrates to be an aggressive state, however, it has large reserves of oil and gas in its territory. Alsace and Lorraine were cities that staged several conflicts between France and the Prussian Empire, as these two states had interests in their rich deposits of coal and iron, two very important matters for the context of the industrial revolution that was taking place at the time. The history of the clash between the two countries goes back to the Middle Ages, with the Treaties of Westphalia, in 1648, where France annexed the territory during its reign, being returned to the Prussian Empire in the Treaty of Frankfurt, which marked the end of the war Franco-Prussian, in 1871. France, with a sense of revenge, having a feeling that it lost its prestige to Germany, faced its rival, thus giving rise to what is called French Revanchism, a movement to regain its influence in Europe and take it back the cities of Alsace and Lorraine, which was one of the factors at the beginning of the First World War. During these conflicts, in 1944, there was the creation of Benelux, an agreement between Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, which was the first attempt at regional integration in Europe. It was only in 1957, after several agreements and negotiations between several countries on the European continent, that the European Union was created, which was the milestone to finally end the conflicts that existed between the states of that region, especially the one mentioned above, between France and the already unified Germany. The case of Iraq is similar, to a great extent, to the conflicts mentioned above, struggles for territories and their natural resources. The Middle East stands out for its large oil and gas reserves, especially in the Persian Gulf region. However, other factors are more complex than just natural products, among them there are social, educational, and religious problems, as mentioned above. Due to these factors and the history of responses to aggressions in Iraq, the search for a context of peace becomes almost impossible, either because it is governed by the conflict itself, or because external actors have an interest in its resources. Religious relationships are also causing these situations, as it motivates conflict with other religious groups and other States.
Iraq is a country located in a region of conflicts and has an economy shaken by this factor. In addition to having major social problems, it demonstrates to be an aggressive state, however, it has large reserves of oil and gas in its territory. Alsace and Lorraine were cities that staged several conflicts between France and the Prussian Empire, as these two states had interests in their rich deposits of coal and iron, two very important matters for the context of the industrial revolution that was taking place at the time. The history of the clash between the two countries goes back to the Middle Ages, with the Treaties of Westphalia, in 1648, where France annexed the territory during its reign, being returned to the Prussian Empire in the Treaty of Frankfurt, which marked the end of the war Franco-Prussian, in 1871. France, with a sense of revenge, having a feeling that it lost its prestige to Germany, faced its rival, thus giving rise to what is called French Revanchism, a movement to regain its influence in Europe and take it back the cities of Alsace and Lorraine, which was one of the factors at the beginning of the First World War. During these conflicts, in 1944, there was the creation of Benelux, an agreement between Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, which was the first attempt at regional integration in Europe. It was only in 1957, after several agreements and negotiations between several countries on the European continent, that the European Union was created, which was the milestone to finally end the conflicts that existed between the states of that region, especially the one mentioned above, between France and the already unified Germany. The case of Iraq is similar, to a great extent, to the conflicts mentioned above, struggles for territories and their natural resources. The Middle East stands out for its large oil and gas reserves, especially in the Persian Gulf region. However, other factors are more complex than just natural products, among them there are social, educational, and religious problems, as mentioned above. Due to these factors and the history of responses to aggressions in Iraq, the search for a context of peace becomes almost impossible, either because it is governed by the conflict itself, or because external actors have an interest in its resources. Religious relationships are also causing these situations, as it motivates conflict with other religious groups and other States.
Palavras-chave
Iraque, Alsácia-Lorena, Paz, Benelux, Interdependência