Tubarão-Limão (Negaprion brevirostris): interações antrópicas e o turismo de conservação no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha/PE, Brasil.
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Data
2023-12
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
ALBUQUERQUE, Hevellyn Almeida Cavalcanti de
SILVA, Adilson Lima da
Orientador
MELO, Yuri
Coorientador
PINHEIRO, Tiago
Resumo
Os tubarões desempenham um importante papel no ambiente marinho, ocupando posição entre os principais reguladores da transferência de energia entre os diferentes elos da cadeia alimentar e, apresentam padrões biológicos que os tornam extremamente vulneráveis à ação antrópica. Apesar de sua diversidade e importância ecológica, poucos têm sido os estudos referentes aos seus comportamentos. O turismo é a principal atividade econômica em Fernando de Noronha e, tem crescido significativamente ao longo dos anos, trazendo consequências para o ecossistema. A análise do desempenho do turismo reveste-se de grande significância para a compreensão do efetivo papel que o turismo pode desempenhar no processo de desenvolvimento de uma localidade que se rege pelo princípio do desenvolvimento sustentável. A busca por atividades voltadas à interação com tubarões tem sido o foco de alguns visitantes. Apesar de Fernando de Noronha ser o destino ideal, no Brasil, para atividades que possibilitam o encontro em seu habitat natural, o aumento do turismo pode contribuir na mudança de comportamento desses animais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender o efeito da ação do turismo no comportamento do tubarão-limão (Negaprion brevirostris), analisar a possível influência dessa interação nos incidentes registrados e buscar o equilíbrio entre o turismo e a conservação desta espécie. Os dados analisados foram
provenientes de registros através da ciência cidadã no Banco de Dados do Projeto Tubarões e Raias de Noronha (PTRN). Foram analisados 678 registros de 980 espécimes em dois anos e noves meses, entre Janeiro de 2021 e Setembro de 2023. Além disso, foi utilizado questionário online para coleta de informações entre Julho e Outubro de 2023. A Praia da Conceição foi a área com maior número de registros. No que se refere à variação temporal verificou-se o maior número de registros para o mês de Fevereiro. Para o comportamento de forrageio, verificou-se maior incidência na Praia do Americano. Já o comportamento de reprodução, sendo considerado o cortejo/cópula, verificou-se maior incidência na Praia do Leão. Entre os meios de registros dos indivíduos, verificou-se predomínio de interações diretas através do mergulho com snorkel. Para os residentes da ilha principal do arquipélago, o interesse dos visitantes em atividades de mergulho aumenta devido à presença de tubarões. Entretanto, há visitantes que questionam sobre áreas onde possuem maior ocorrência desses animais a fim de evitá-las para banho.
Sharks play an important role in the marine environment, occupying a position among the main regulators of energy transfer between different links in the food chain and have biological patterns that make them extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic action. Despite their diversity and ecological importance, there have been few studies regarding their behaviors. Tourism is the main economic activity in Fernando de Noronha and has grown significantly over the years, bringing consequences for the ecosystem. The analysis of tourism performance is of great significance for understanding the effective role that tourism can play in the development process of a location that is governed by the principle of sustainable development. The search for activities aimed at interacting with sharks has been the focus of some visitors. Although Fernando de Noronha is the ideal destination in Brazil for activities that allow encounters in their natural habitat, the increase in tourism can contribute to changing the behavior of these animals. The present study aimed to understand the effect of tourism on the behavior of the lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris), analyze the possible influence of this interaction on recorded incidents and seek a balance between tourism and the conservation of this species. The data analyzed came from records through citizen science in the Database of the Tubarões e Raias de Noronha Project (PTRN). 678 records of 980 specimens were analyzed in two years and nine months, between January 2021 and September 2023. In addition, an online questionnaire was used to collect information between July and October 2023. Praia da Conceição was the area with the highest number of records. With regard to temporal variation, the largest number of records was found for the month of February. For foraging behavior, there was a higher incidence at Praia do Americano. As for reproduction behavior, considered courtship/copulation, there was a higher incidence in Praia do Leão. Among the means of recording individuals, there was a predominance of direct interactions through snorkeling. For residents of the archipelago's main island, visitor interest in diving activities increases due to the presence of sharks. However, there are visitors who ask about areas where these animals are more common in order to avoid them for bathing.
Sharks play an important role in the marine environment, occupying a position among the main regulators of energy transfer between different links in the food chain and have biological patterns that make them extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic action. Despite their diversity and ecological importance, there have been few studies regarding their behaviors. Tourism is the main economic activity in Fernando de Noronha and has grown significantly over the years, bringing consequences for the ecosystem. The analysis of tourism performance is of great significance for understanding the effective role that tourism can play in the development process of a location that is governed by the principle of sustainable development. The search for activities aimed at interacting with sharks has been the focus of some visitors. Although Fernando de Noronha is the ideal destination in Brazil for activities that allow encounters in their natural habitat, the increase in tourism can contribute to changing the behavior of these animals. The present study aimed to understand the effect of tourism on the behavior of the lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris), analyze the possible influence of this interaction on recorded incidents and seek a balance between tourism and the conservation of this species. The data analyzed came from records through citizen science in the Database of the Tubarões e Raias de Noronha Project (PTRN). 678 records of 980 specimens were analyzed in two years and nine months, between January 2021 and September 2023. In addition, an online questionnaire was used to collect information between July and October 2023. Praia da Conceição was the area with the highest number of records. With regard to temporal variation, the largest number of records was found for the month of February. For foraging behavior, there was a higher incidence at Praia do Americano. As for reproduction behavior, considered courtship/copulation, there was a higher incidence in Praia do Leão. Among the means of recording individuals, there was a predominance of direct interactions through snorkeling. For residents of the archipelago's main island, visitor interest in diving activities increases due to the presence of sharks. However, there are visitors who ask about areas where these animals are more common in order to avoid them for bathing.
Palavras-chave
conservação, turismo, Fernando de Noronha, interação com tubarões, comportamento