O reaproveitamento energético como solução para o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos do Brasil
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2014
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Engenharias
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Silva, Igor Cesar da
Orientador
Silva, José Gabriel da
Coorientador
Resumo
A preocupação com as questões ambientais é crescente dentro do quadro nacional, assim como a incorporação do discurso sustentável pelas empresas e pelos governantes. Devido ao desenvolvimento econômico aliado ao crescimento populacional, problemas sociais são consequentemente intensificados, o saneamento básico, por exemplo, tem se mostrado um dos responsáveis pela imagem social negativa do país. Nesse contexto, o manejo dos resíduos sólidos urbanos tornou-se um ponto crítico, visto que a quantidade de resíduos gerados aumenta exponencialmente, ao contrário da disponibilidade de áreas para implantação de aterros. Como solução sustentável para esse problema surge o reaproveitamento energético, considerado por muitos países uma solução adequada e confiável, enquanto no Brasil esse processo ainda é incipiente e pouco difundido. Em função do histórico negativo da incineração de resíduos, o processo de recuperação energética, conhecido internacionalmente como Waste-to-Energy, ainda não foi efetivamente implantado no Brasil, e para tal, devem ocorrer alterações na legislação e incentivo econômico. Buscou-se, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, levantar dados referentes ao gerenciamento integrado sustentável de resíduos sólidos, níveis hierárquicos, os impactos e aspectos gerais do processo. Verificou-se ainda, as tecnologias e processos disponíveis, bem como suas limitações e desvantagens. Como forma de exemplificar o processo e analisar a eficiência do mesmo foram levantados registros de usinas atualmente em operação e projetos nacionais implantados. Analisou-se, de forma crítica, a situação do Brasil no que se refere ao gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos, legislação ambiental vigente, quantidade de resíduos produzidos e destinação final dos mesmos. Baseado nesses resultados foi possível avaliar a situação atual do país, que apesar de apresentar grande evolução, ainda se encontra distante do nível ideal. Conclui-se que o reaproveitamento energético é importante no gerenciamento integrado, entretanto, para viabilizar a sua implantação efetiva no Brasil deve haver um conjunto de mudanças, desde incentivos fiscais e legais, até a quebra de paradigmas quanto ao processo de incineração de resíduos. Além de reduzir o problema da destinação final de resíduos sólidos urbanos, o processo pode contribuir com a matriz energética brasileira, porém, diante da sua inviabilidade econômica atual deve-se priorizar a educação ambiental e o processo mais eficiente, e por isso situado no topo da escala hierárquica, a reciclagem
The concern with environmental issues is increasing within the national framework, as the assimilation of sustainable by companies and governments. Due to the economic development coupled with population growth, social problems are highlighted, including sanitation, currently considered one responsible for the negative social image that leads the country to a critical state. In this context, the management of solid waste has become a critical point, since the amount of waste generated increases exponentially, whereas in contrast the availability of landfill areas for deployment decreases. As a sustainable solution to the waste problem, appears the energy recovery, considered by many countries an appropriate solution and reliable, while in Brazil this process is still new and not widespread. Due to the negative history of waste incineration, the process of energy recovery, internationally known as Waste-to-Energy, has not been effectively implemented in Brazil, and such should be changes in legislation and economic incentives. Was sought, by bibliography research, studies concerning the sustainable integrated management of solid waste, hierarchical levels, impacts and general aspects of the process. It was also verified the technologies and processes available, as its limitations and disadvantages. In order to illustrate the process and analyze the efficiency of it were collected records of plants currently in operation, and national projects implemented. The situation of Brazil in relation to solid waste management was critically analyzed, environmental legislation, waste produced and disposal. Based on these results, it was possible to assess the current situation of the country, has undergone major changes, although it is far from the optimal level. It is concluded that the reuse energy is important in integrated management, however, to enable their effective implementation in Brazil should be a set of changes, from tax and regulatory incentives, to break paradigms regarding the incineration of waste. In addition to reducing the problem of disposal of solid waste, this process can contribute to the Brazilian energy matrix, however, on its current economic infeasibility should prioritize environmental education and the most efficient process, and therefore situated at the top of hierarchical scale, recycling
The concern with environmental issues is increasing within the national framework, as the assimilation of sustainable by companies and governments. Due to the economic development coupled with population growth, social problems are highlighted, including sanitation, currently considered one responsible for the negative social image that leads the country to a critical state. In this context, the management of solid waste has become a critical point, since the amount of waste generated increases exponentially, whereas in contrast the availability of landfill areas for deployment decreases. As a sustainable solution to the waste problem, appears the energy recovery, considered by many countries an appropriate solution and reliable, while in Brazil this process is still new and not widespread. Due to the negative history of waste incineration, the process of energy recovery, internationally known as Waste-to-Energy, has not been effectively implemented in Brazil, and such should be changes in legislation and economic incentives. Was sought, by bibliography research, studies concerning the sustainable integrated management of solid waste, hierarchical levels, impacts and general aspects of the process. It was also verified the technologies and processes available, as its limitations and disadvantages. In order to illustrate the process and analyze the efficiency of it were collected records of plants currently in operation, and national projects implemented. The situation of Brazil in relation to solid waste management was critically analyzed, environmental legislation, waste produced and disposal. Based on these results, it was possible to assess the current situation of the country, has undergone major changes, although it is far from the optimal level. It is concluded that the reuse energy is important in integrated management, however, to enable their effective implementation in Brazil should be a set of changes, from tax and regulatory incentives, to break paradigms regarding the incineration of waste. In addition to reducing the problem of disposal of solid waste, this process can contribute to the Brazilian energy matrix, however, on its current economic infeasibility should prioritize environmental education and the most efficient process, and therefore situated at the top of hierarchical scale, recycling
Palavras-chave
Resíduos sólidos, Sustentabilidade, Incineração