A influência da fisioterapia motora na marcha e na prevenção de quedas em pacientes com Parkinson: uma revisão integrativa
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Arquivos
Data
2023-06-19
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Macedo, Rubia Vitória de Carvalho
Silva, Raira Anyelle Carvalho Silva
Andrade, Tainah Matos de
Reis, Leticia da Silva
Orientador
Carvalho, Fábio Luiz Oliveira de
Coorientador
Costa, Dalmo de Moura
Resumo
A doença de Parkinson é uma condição neurodegenerativa que afeta a substância negra, na qual ocorre a degeneração dos neurônios dopaminérgicos, esse distúrbio também ocasiona um mau funcionamento no circuito dos núcleos da base. Dentre os fatores etiológicos estão destacados nesse estudo as condições genéticas, ambientais e o estresse oxidativo. O diagnóstico da DP é meramente clínico e a partir dos sintomas apresentados, dessa forma, majoritariamente, se dá de forma tardia. A marcha parkinsoniana possui alterações relacionadas com o comprimento do passo, velocidade, congelamento da marcha, balanço do braço, alteração postural e equilíbrio, logo, aumentando o risco de quedas, diante disso, é perceptível o papel da fisioterapia motora nas alterações da marcha, equilíbrio, tremor em repouso, controle postural e bradicinesia, através de condutas ligadas a dupla tarefa, pistas rítmicas, treino de marcha e treino de equilíbrio, as quais trabalham todas as alterações apresentadas anteriormente. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral deste estudo é debater a respeito da importância da atuação fisioterapêutica nas alterações motoras em pacientes portadores da doença de Parkinson. Para isso, esta pesquisa utilizou o método de revisão integrativa de artigos publicados entre 2015 a 2022, que mostram a intervenção fisioterapêutica no tratamento da DP, com base nas seguintes plataformas: Google acadêmico, PubMed, Pedro e Scielo. Destaca-se que as pesquisas relatam que o quanto antes for o diagnóstico e o tratamento fisioterapêutico, melhor será os resultados na funcionalidade e qualidade de vida desses pacientes.
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that affects the substantia nigra, in which the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons occurs, this disorder also causes a malfunction in the basal ganglia circuit. Among the etiological factors highlighted in this study are genetic and environmental conditions and oxidative stress. The PD diagnosis is merely clinical and based on the symptoms presented, therefore, it is mostly delayed. Parkinsonian gait has alterations related to step length, speed, gait freezing, arm swing, postural alteration and balance, thus increasing the risk of falls, in view of this, the motor physiotherapy role in gait changes is noticeable, balance, tremor at rest, postural control and bradykinesia, through conducts linked to the dual task, rhythmic cues, gait training and balance training, which work with all the alterations presented above. In this sense, the general objective of this study is to discuss the importance of physiotherapeutic action in motor alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease. For this, this research used the integrative review of articles method, articles published between 2015 and 2022, which show physical therapy intervention in the PD treatment, based on the following platforms: Academic Google, PubMed, Pedro and Scielo. It is noteworthy that research reports that the sooner the diagnosis and physical therapy treatment is performed, the better the results in terms of functionality and quality of life for these patients.
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that affects the substantia nigra, in which the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons occurs, this disorder also causes a malfunction in the basal ganglia circuit. Among the etiological factors highlighted in this study are genetic and environmental conditions and oxidative stress. The PD diagnosis is merely clinical and based on the symptoms presented, therefore, it is mostly delayed. Parkinsonian gait has alterations related to step length, speed, gait freezing, arm swing, postural alteration and balance, thus increasing the risk of falls, in view of this, the motor physiotherapy role in gait changes is noticeable, balance, tremor at rest, postural control and bradykinesia, through conducts linked to the dual task, rhythmic cues, gait training and balance training, which work with all the alterations presented above. In this sense, the general objective of this study is to discuss the importance of physiotherapeutic action in motor alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease. For this, this research used the integrative review of articles method, articles published between 2015 and 2022, which show physical therapy intervention in the PD treatment, based on the following platforms: Academic Google, PubMed, Pedro and Scielo. It is noteworthy that research reports that the sooner the diagnosis and physical therapy treatment is performed, the better the results in terms of functionality and quality of life for these patients.
Palavras-chave
Doença de Parkinson, Fisioterapia motora, Diagnóstico de Parkinson, Marcha parkinsoniana, Risco de quedas