Doenças causadas por mollicutes na cultura do milho: causas, sintomas, danos e controle.
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Data
2024-07
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
ZANELA, Bruno Vieira
Orientador
PEREIRA, Carla Jovania
Coorientador
Resumo
As principais doenças causadas por mollicutes são os enfezamentos pálido (Spiroplasma kunkelii) e vermelho (Phytoplasma), cuja transmissão se dá pela cigarrinha-do-milho (Dalbulus maidis). As causas da doença foram registradas nos Estados Unidos já na década de 1940, existindo, portanto, longo período de produção científica acerca do tema. Entremeios ao histórico do cultivo de milho, passou-se a adotar novas técnicas de produção distintas da safra padrão, chamada safra de verão. Detectando-se a persistência das doenças causadas por mollicutes, o trabalho parte da seguinte questão: Existe método único com eficácia atestada capaz de controlar os enfezamentos? A hipótese levantada é a de que não há um só método eficaz apto a controlar mitigar as doenças causadas por mollicutes, pelo fato de que sua propagação ainda é notável. O objetivo geral do trabalho é justamente verificar a existência ou não de método único eficaz. Os objetivos específicos impulsionam-se a descrever as principais doenças do milho e como afetam a cultura deste cereal, bem como analisar os danos causados pelo mollicutes e os métodos de controle mais indicados. Para angariar os resultados, utilizou-se o método dedutivo a partir de pesquisas quantitativas e teóricas, empregando-se a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica através de artigos científicos, livros, revistas, teses e dissertações. Por fim, com base nos dados e informações coletadas, foi possível concluir que a melhor forma de controle é a utilização de cultivares resistentes, aliada a seu correto manejo, bem como não ser conclusiva a eficácia de métodos químicos, especificamente os inseticidas.
The main diseases caused by mollicutes are Spiroplasma kunkelii and Phytoplasma, pale and red stunts, which are transmitted by the corn leafhopper (Dalbulus maidis). The causes of the disease were recorded in the United States as early as the 1940s, and there is, therefore, a long period of scientific production on the subject. In the midst of the history of corn cultivation, new production techniques distinct from the standard harvest, called the summer harvest, began to be adopted. Detecting the persistence of diseases caused by mollicutes, the work starts from the following question: Is there a single method with proven efficacy capable of controlling stunting? The hypothesis raised is that there is no single effective method capable of controlling and mitigating diseases caused by mollicutes, due to the fact that their spread is still notable. The general objective of the work is precisely to verify the existence or not of a single effective method. The specific objectives are to describe the main diseases of corn and how they affect the crop of this cereal, as well as analyze the damage caused by mollicutes and the most suitable control methods. To gather the results, the deductive method was used based on quantitative and theoretical research, using the bibliographic research technique through scientific articles, books, magazines, theses and dissertations. Finally, based on the data and information collected, it was possible to conclude that the best form of control is the use of resistant cultivars, combined with their correct management, and that the effectiveness of chemical methods, specifically insecticides, is not conclusive.
The main diseases caused by mollicutes are Spiroplasma kunkelii and Phytoplasma, pale and red stunts, which are transmitted by the corn leafhopper (Dalbulus maidis). The causes of the disease were recorded in the United States as early as the 1940s, and there is, therefore, a long period of scientific production on the subject. In the midst of the history of corn cultivation, new production techniques distinct from the standard harvest, called the summer harvest, began to be adopted. Detecting the persistence of diseases caused by mollicutes, the work starts from the following question: Is there a single method with proven efficacy capable of controlling stunting? The hypothesis raised is that there is no single effective method capable of controlling and mitigating diseases caused by mollicutes, due to the fact that their spread is still notable. The general objective of the work is precisely to verify the existence or not of a single effective method. The specific objectives are to describe the main diseases of corn and how they affect the crop of this cereal, as well as analyze the damage caused by mollicutes and the most suitable control methods. To gather the results, the deductive method was used based on quantitative and theoretical research, using the bibliographic research technique through scientific articles, books, magazines, theses and dissertations. Finally, based on the data and information collected, it was possible to conclude that the best form of control is the use of resistant cultivars, combined with their correct management, and that the effectiveness of chemical methods, specifically insecticides, is not conclusive.
Palavras-chave
enfezamento pálido, enfezamento vermelho, mollicutes, cigarrinha do-milho