Descarte incorreto de medicamentos e seus efeitos ambientais: uma revisão de literatura
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Data
2023-05-30
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Esswein, Pamela Cristina Rupp
Orientador
Damin, Isabel C. F.
Coorientador
Resumo
Os medicamentos são ferramentas terapêuticas amplamente utilizadas atualmente,
proporcionando benefícios significativos para aliviar doenças e melhorar a saúde das pessoas. E o uso de medicamentos tem aumentado globalmente, especialmente devido à automedicação. No entanto, o uso incorreto de medicamentos pode causar sérios problemas. Além disso, é preocupante observar que muitos medicamentos são descartados de maneira inadequada, poluindo o meio ambiente e expondo as pessoas a substâncias nocivas. Quando medicamentos são jogados no ralo ou vaso sanitário, podem contaminar corpos de água, prejudicando a vida aquática e contribuindo para o surgimento de bactérias resistentes e efeitos adversos em animais. Os sistemas convencionais de tratamento de águas residuais não
conseguem remover efetivamente essas substâncias, sendo necessários métodos mais
avançados de tratamento. Além dos impactos ambientais, o uso irracional de medicamentos
sem prescrição médica pode causar envenenamento acidental e abuso. É importante descartar
corretamente os medicamentos não utilizados e vencidos para evitar danos intencionais ou
exposição acidental. Regulamentos e regras foram elaborados para o descarte adequado de
medicamentos vencidos, e as farmácias geralmente possuem programas de descarte em
conformidade com a legislação. Estudos e discussões adicionais como os relatados nesta
revisão são necessários para conscientizar a população sobre o descarte adequado de
medicamentos e os problemas associados ao uso incorreto e à poluição ambiental.
Medicines are currently widely used therapeutic tools, providing significant benefits to alleviate diseases and improve people's health. In addition, drug use has increased globally, especially due to self-medication. However, the incorrect use of medications can cause serious problems. Furthermore, it is worrying to note that many drugs are disposed of improperly, polluting the environment and exposing people to harmful substances. When drugs are thrown down the drain or toilet, they can contaminate bodies of water, harming aquatic life and contributing to the emergence of resistant bacteria and adverse effects in animals. Conventional wastewater treatment systems cannot effectively remove these substances, requiring more advanced treatment methods. In addition to environmental impacts, the irrational use of overthe-counter medications can lead to accidental poisoning and abuse. It is important to properly dispose of unused and expired medications to prevent intentional harm or accidental exposure. Regulations and rules have been developed for the proper disposal of expired drugs, and pharmacies often have disposal programs that comply with legislation. Additional studies and discussions such as those reported in this review are needed to make the population aware of the proper disposal of medicines and the problems associated with misuse and environmental pollution.
Medicines are currently widely used therapeutic tools, providing significant benefits to alleviate diseases and improve people's health. In addition, drug use has increased globally, especially due to self-medication. However, the incorrect use of medications can cause serious problems. Furthermore, it is worrying to note that many drugs are disposed of improperly, polluting the environment and exposing people to harmful substances. When drugs are thrown down the drain or toilet, they can contaminate bodies of water, harming aquatic life and contributing to the emergence of resistant bacteria and adverse effects in animals. Conventional wastewater treatment systems cannot effectively remove these substances, requiring more advanced treatment methods. In addition to environmental impacts, the irrational use of overthe-counter medications can lead to accidental poisoning and abuse. It is important to properly dispose of unused and expired medications to prevent intentional harm or accidental exposure. Regulations and rules have been developed for the proper disposal of expired drugs, and pharmacies often have disposal programs that comply with legislation. Additional studies and discussions such as those reported in this review are needed to make the population aware of the proper disposal of medicines and the problems associated with misuse and environmental pollution.
Palavras-chave
Medicamentos, Resíduos, Descarte de medicamentos, Uso racional de medicamentos, Meio ambiente