Ecmo - oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea como suporte no tratamento de pacientes críticos por covid-19: uma revisão bibliográfica
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Data
2021-11
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Barros, Marques
Silva, Rainara
Silva, Wanessa
Orientador
Ramos, Cristina Alves de Oliveira
Coorientador
Resumo
A Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea (ECMO) é uma técnica de suporte de vida extracorporal que pode ser aplicada em pacientes com falência cardiovascular ou pulmonar e isso a torna uma alternativa terapêutica destinada a reduzir os casos de mortalidade de pacientes infectados com a COVID-19, que é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, capaz de acarretar graves consequências para a saúde física e psicológica, podendo levar o paciente a óbito. Diante de tais considerações, o objetivo desse estudo foi identificar os benefícios e riscos da aplicação da ECMO no tratamento de pacientes com COVID-19, que se encontram em estado crítico e que, em função do agravamento da doença, desenvolveram um quadro de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG). Para melhor exploração do assunto, a metodologia aplicada na construção desse estudo foi a revisão bibliográfica e documental com abordagem qualitativa e caráter exploratório, onde foram pesquisadas fontes bibliográficas publicadas entre os anos de 2016 a 2021 e acessadas através dos bancos de dados Scielo, PubMed, Portal de Periódicos da Capes e MEDLINE. As palavras-chave que nortearam a pesquisa foram coronavírus, ECMO, insuficiência respiratória e tratamento. Os resultados apurados através desse estudo demonstraram que os benefícios da ECMO são reais, mas que, para serem efetivos, os profissionais da saúde necessitam avaliar criteriosamente o paciente, a fim de evitar que ele seja exposto a uma situação que em nada contribuirá para a sua recuperação (pelo alto risco de morte) ou que criará consequências que poderiam ser evitadas se nele fossem aplicados tratamentos menos invasivos e contínuos.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is an extracorporeal life support technique that can be applied in patients with cardiovascular or pulmonary failure and this makes it a therapeutic alternative aimed at reducing the cases of mortality of patients infected with COVID-19, which is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, capable of causing serious consequences for physical and psychological health, possibly leading to death. Given these considerations, the aim of this study was to identify the benefits and risks of applying ECMO in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, who are in critical condition and who, due to the worsening of the disease, developed a picture of Respiratory Syndrome Severe Acute (SRAG). For a better exploration of the subject, the methodology applied in the construction of this study was the bibliographical and documental review with a qualitative approach and exploratory character, where bibliographic sources published between the years 2016 to 2021 and accessed through the databases Scielo, PubMed, were searched. Capes and MEDLINE Journal Portal. The keywords that guided the research were coronavirus, ECMO, respiratory failure and treatment. The results obtained through this study showed that the benefits of ECMO are real, but that, to be effective, health professionals need to carefully assess the patient, in order to prevent him from being exposed to a situation that will in no way contribute to his condition. recovery (due to the high risk of death) or that it will create consequences that could be avoided if less invasive and continuous treatments were applied to it.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is an extracorporeal life support technique that can be applied in patients with cardiovascular or pulmonary failure and this makes it a therapeutic alternative aimed at reducing the cases of mortality of patients infected with COVID-19, which is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, capable of causing serious consequences for physical and psychological health, possibly leading to death. Given these considerations, the aim of this study was to identify the benefits and risks of applying ECMO in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, who are in critical condition and who, due to the worsening of the disease, developed a picture of Respiratory Syndrome Severe Acute (SRAG). For a better exploration of the subject, the methodology applied in the construction of this study was the bibliographical and documental review with a qualitative approach and exploratory character, where bibliographic sources published between the years 2016 to 2021 and accessed through the databases Scielo, PubMed, were searched. Capes and MEDLINE Journal Portal. The keywords that guided the research were coronavirus, ECMO, respiratory failure and treatment. The results obtained through this study showed that the benefits of ECMO are real, but that, to be effective, health professionals need to carefully assess the patient, in order to prevent him from being exposed to a situation that will in no way contribute to his condition. recovery (due to the high risk of death) or that it will create consequences that could be avoided if less invasive and continuous treatments were applied to it.
Palavras-chave
Oxigenação, COVID-19, ECMO, Oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, Suporte terapêutico, Síndrome respiratória grave