Repercussões da terapia antirretroviral no estado nutricional de adultos com HIV/AIDS: uma revisão narrativa da literatura
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Data
2023-06
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Berwanger, Andressa Dutra
Orientador
Vallandro, Juliana Paludo
Coorientador
Resumo
O HIV é o vírus causador da AIDS, doença que atinge o sistema imunológico. No início da epidemia, a desnutrição era recorrente nos pacientes diagnosticados com HIV, porém com a introdução da terapia antirretroviral, outros problemas de saúde passaram a ser observados nos indivíduos infectados. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar o estado nutricional dos pacientes que fazem uso dos antirretrovirais. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, sendo que os estudos foram selecionados nas bases de dados Lilacs, PubMed, BVS e Scielo, além da utilização dos protocolos, manuais e diretrizes dos principais órgãos institucionais. São cinco classes de medicamentos utilizados para o tratamento, sendo que algumas delas são associadas a alterações morfológicas e metabólicas como a síndrome da lipodistrofia, dislipidemias e resistência à insulina. É possível observar alterações metabólicas nos pacientes com HIV/AIDS relacionadas ao aumento do sobrepeso e obesidade, e também a anemia e desnutrição. Alguns estudos demonstram associação significativa do uso da TARV com o desenvolvimento da síndrome da lipodistrofia, e com a ocorrência de aumento da gordura corporal e dislipidemias. É inegável que o uso da TARV aumentou a expectativa e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com HIV/AIDS. Além de diminuir a ocorrência de doenças oportunistas, a TARV trouxe também algumas alterações metabólicas para os pacientes. Neste sentido, a atuação do nutricionista, por meio do aconselhamento nutricional em todas as fases da infecção, torna-se importante para auxiliar na detecção precoce e adequado manejo das alterações metabólicas secundárias ao uso de antirretrovirais.
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, a disease that affects the immune system. At the beginning of the epidemic, malnutrition was recurrent in patients diagnosed with HIV, but with the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, other health problems began to be observed in infected individuals. The objective of this study is to characterize the nutritional status of patients who use antiretrovirals. This is a narrative literature review, and the studies were selected from the Lilacs, PubMed, BVS and Scielo databases, in addition to the use of protocols, manuals and guidelines from the main institutional bodies. There are five classes of drugs used for the treatment, some of which are associated with morphological and metabolic changes such as lipodystrophy syndrome, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. It is possible to observe metabolic changes in patients with HIV/AIDS related to increased overweight and obesity, as well as anemia and malnutrition. Some studies demonstrate a significant association between the use of HAART and the development of lipodystrophy syndrome, and with the occurrence of increased body fat and dyslipidemia. It is undeniable that the use of ART has increased the expectation and quality of life of patients with HIV/AIDS. In addition to reducing the occurrence of opportunistic diseases, ART also brought some metabolic alterations to patients. In this sense, the performance of the nutritionist, through nutritional counseling at all stages of the infection, becomes important to assist in the early detection and adequate management of metabolic alterations secondary to the use of antiretrovirals.
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, a disease that affects the immune system. At the beginning of the epidemic, malnutrition was recurrent in patients diagnosed with HIV, but with the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, other health problems began to be observed in infected individuals. The objective of this study is to characterize the nutritional status of patients who use antiretrovirals. This is a narrative literature review, and the studies were selected from the Lilacs, PubMed, BVS and Scielo databases, in addition to the use of protocols, manuals and guidelines from the main institutional bodies. There are five classes of drugs used for the treatment, some of which are associated with morphological and metabolic changes such as lipodystrophy syndrome, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. It is possible to observe metabolic changes in patients with HIV/AIDS related to increased overweight and obesity, as well as anemia and malnutrition. Some studies demonstrate a significant association between the use of HAART and the development of lipodystrophy syndrome, and with the occurrence of increased body fat and dyslipidemia. It is undeniable that the use of ART has increased the expectation and quality of life of patients with HIV/AIDS. In addition to reducing the occurrence of opportunistic diseases, ART also brought some metabolic alterations to patients. In this sense, the performance of the nutritionist, through nutritional counseling at all stages of the infection, becomes important to assist in the early detection and adequate management of metabolic alterations secondary to the use of antiretrovirals.
Palavras-chave
HIV, AIDS, estado nutricional, Avaliação nutricional, terapia antirretroviral