O cenário da Hepatite B em São Paulo: uma visão laboratorial dos últimos anos
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Data
2023-12
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
FERNANDES, George Sebastian Carneiro
Orientador
FERES, Márcia Cristina
Coorientador
CARVALHO, Rafael Leite
Resumo
A hepatite B é uma ameaça significativa para a saúde pública mundial, particularmente com maior número de casos nos países em desenvolvimento. Essa doença pode ser transmitida por meio de contato sexual e exposição a componentes do sangue. Embora os sintomas agudos possam incluir icterícia e insuficiência hepática, a infecção crônica apresenta as consequências mais graves, incluindo cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular. Atualmente, a vacina contra a hepatite B é obrigatória desde o nascimento no Brasil. Entretanto, muitas pessoas não vacinam seus filhos ou não completam a imunização com doses de reforço. Além disso, os nascidos antes da vacinação se tornar obrigatória, podem não ter sido vacinados em nenhum momento de suas vidas. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o banco de dados do laboratório de análises clínicas em São Paulo de janeiro de 2018 a 2022. O estudo examinou diversos exames laboratoriais e foram aplicados testes estatísticos para avaliar a significância, incluindo o teste U de Mann-Whitney e o teste H de Kruskal Wallis, para os exames Anti-HBs, HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBc IgM, Albumina, Aspartato Aminotransferase (AST), Alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e Gama Glutamil Transferase (GGT), bem como dados antropométricos como idade e sexo. Os resultados indicaram que os homens, e bem como as pessoas na faixa de idade entre entre 30 e 50 anos, eram mais suscetíveis à doença. Além disso, os indivíduos que contraíram o vírus demonstraram níveis elevados de anticorpos contra hepatites comparado com aqueles que receberam a vacina. Além disso, os indivíduos que contraíram o vírus apresentaram aumento da atividade da GGT, sugerindo efeitos duradouros da doença ou sequelas.
Hepatitis B is a significant threat to global public health, particularly with the highest number of cases in developing countries. This disease can be transmitted through sexual contact and exposure to blood components. Although acute symptoms may include jaundice and liver failure, chronic infection has the most serious consequences, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the hepatitis B vaccine is mandatory from birth in Brazil. However, many people do not vaccinate their children or do not complete the immunization with booster doses. Furthermore, those born before vaccination became mandatory may not have been vaccinated at any point in their lives. This study aims to analyze the database of the clinical analysis laboratory in São Paulo from January 2018 to 2022. The study examined several laboratory tests and statistical tests were applied to assess significance, including the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis H test, for testing Anti-HBs, HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBc IgM, Albumin, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), as well as anthropometric data such as age and sex. The results indicated that men, as well as people aged between 30 and 50 years, were more susceptible to the disease. Furthermore, individuals who contracted the virus demonstrated higher levels of hepatitis antibodies compared to those who received the vaccine. Furthermore, individuals who contracted the virus showed increased GGT activity, suggesting lasting effects of the disease or sequelae.
Hepatitis B is a significant threat to global public health, particularly with the highest number of cases in developing countries. This disease can be transmitted through sexual contact and exposure to blood components. Although acute symptoms may include jaundice and liver failure, chronic infection has the most serious consequences, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the hepatitis B vaccine is mandatory from birth in Brazil. However, many people do not vaccinate their children or do not complete the immunization with booster doses. Furthermore, those born before vaccination became mandatory may not have been vaccinated at any point in their lives. This study aims to analyze the database of the clinical analysis laboratory in São Paulo from January 2018 to 2022. The study examined several laboratory tests and statistical tests were applied to assess significance, including the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis H test, for testing Anti-HBs, HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBc IgM, Albumin, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), as well as anthropometric data such as age and sex. The results indicated that men, as well as people aged between 30 and 50 years, were more susceptible to the disease. Furthermore, individuals who contracted the virus demonstrated higher levels of hepatitis antibodies compared to those who received the vaccine. Furthermore, individuals who contracted the virus showed increased GGT activity, suggesting lasting effects of the disease or sequelae.
Palavras-chave
Hepatite B, Vacina, Anti-HBs, Gama GT, AST