Introdução alimentar: aspectos, desafios e impacto na saúde do lactente.
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Data
2022-12-13
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Oliveira, Carlos Daniel dos Reis
Souza, Enne Lariny Santos
Miranda, Jamile de Araujo
Reis, Morgana Manuela dos
Orientador
Carvalho, Fábio Luiz Oliveira de
Coorientador
Resumo
A introdução alimentar diz respeito ao período em que são inseridos novos
alimentos na dieta da criança. É importante ressaltar que até o sexto mês de vida
a alimentação deve ser constituída exclusivamente pelo leite materno, como é
preconizado nas orientações da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Nesse
sentido, este estudo tem o objetivo de entender os aspectos que cercam a
introdução alimentar infantil, tratando-se de uma revisão integrativa. De tal modo,
que para a construção foram selecionados artigos publicados entre os anos 2012
e 2021, nas bases de dados SciELO, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações
e Repositório Universitário da Ânima. A partir dessa busca, depreende-se que é
feita a abordagem geral acerca do aleitamento materno, indispensável na vida
das crianças, devendo ser mantido como único alimento até o sexto mês de vida,
evitando possíveis doenças e agravos clínicos a curto e longo prazo. No que se
refere à introdução alimentar, é enfatizado que seu início seja dado respeitando
o tempo orientado de aleitamento materno exclusivo, bem como o
desenvolvimento fisiológico do lactente e que alimentos saudáveis sejam
preconizados. Para além disso, são discutidos aspectos influenciadores do
tempo de aleitamento exclusivo e introdução alimentar precoce, e quais agravos
à saúde do bebê, principalmente atrelados a oferta de alimentos
ultraprocessados. Para tanto, é discutida a influência cultural, depressão pós parto, baixa escolaridade materna, renda familiar baixa, média/publicidade,
frente a esses períodos, no qual foi possível observar impactos negativos nos
referidos processos. Com esse entendimento, conclui-se que o leite materno é
capaz de suprir as necessidades nutricionais do lactente até o sexto mês de vida,
somente após este período é necessário e pertinente a inclusão de novo
alimentos, com o intuito de garantir o aporte nutricional correto; deve ser um
processo gradativo, sem a interrupção do leite materno e sempre se atentando
a qualidade dos alimentos ofertados, lembrando também de utilizar diferentes
texturas, formatos e sabores para que seja mais proveitoso. Este é um processo
complexo influenciado por diversos fatores que podem acarretar em dificuldades
quanto à sua efetividade, como doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, alergias
alimentares, que consequentemente afetarão a saúde do lactente. Contudo deve
ser visto com a importância que representa para a saúde.
The introduction of new food concerns the period in which new nutriments are inserted in a child's diet. It is important to emphasize that up to the sixth month of life, food must consist exclusively of breast milk, as recommended in the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). In that regard, this study aims to understand the aspects surrounding the introduction of infant food, being an integrative review. For the development, were carefully chosen articles published between the years 2012 and 2021, in the SciELO and the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations and Repository of Ânima University databases. From this search, it appears that a general approach is made to breastfeeding, which is essential in children’s lives and should be maintained as the only food until the sixth month of life, avoiding possible diseases and clinical problems in the short and long term. Regarding food introduction, it is emphasized that its beginning is given respecting the oriented time of exclusive breastfeeding, as well as the physiological development of the infant and that healthy foods are recommended. In addition, aspects that influence the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and early introduction of food are discussed, as well as the harm to the baby's health, mainly linked to the stream of ultra-processed foods. To this end, cultural influence, postpartum depression, low maternal education, low family income, media/advertising, are discussed in relation to these periods, in which it was possible to observe negative impacts on the referred processes. With this understanding, it is concluded that breast milk is capable of meeting the nutritional needs of infants up to the sixth month of life, only after this period is that is necessary and pertinent to include new foods, in order to guarantee the correct nutritional intake; it should be a gradual process, without interruption of breast milk feeding and always paying attention to the quality of the food offered, also remembering to use different textures, formats and flavors to make it more rewarding. This is a complex process influenced by several factors that can lead to difficulties regarding its effectiveness, such as chronic non-communicable diseases, food allergies, which will consequently affect the health of the infant. However, it must be seen with the importance it represents for health.
The introduction of new food concerns the period in which new nutriments are inserted in a child's diet. It is important to emphasize that up to the sixth month of life, food must consist exclusively of breast milk, as recommended in the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). In that regard, this study aims to understand the aspects surrounding the introduction of infant food, being an integrative review. For the development, were carefully chosen articles published between the years 2012 and 2021, in the SciELO and the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations and Repository of Ânima University databases. From this search, it appears that a general approach is made to breastfeeding, which is essential in children’s lives and should be maintained as the only food until the sixth month of life, avoiding possible diseases and clinical problems in the short and long term. Regarding food introduction, it is emphasized that its beginning is given respecting the oriented time of exclusive breastfeeding, as well as the physiological development of the infant and that healthy foods are recommended. In addition, aspects that influence the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and early introduction of food are discussed, as well as the harm to the baby's health, mainly linked to the stream of ultra-processed foods. To this end, cultural influence, postpartum depression, low maternal education, low family income, media/advertising, are discussed in relation to these periods, in which it was possible to observe negative impacts on the referred processes. With this understanding, it is concluded that breast milk is capable of meeting the nutritional needs of infants up to the sixth month of life, only after this period is that is necessary and pertinent to include new foods, in order to guarantee the correct nutritional intake; it should be a gradual process, without interruption of breast milk feeding and always paying attention to the quality of the food offered, also remembering to use different textures, formats and flavors to make it more rewarding. This is a complex process influenced by several factors that can lead to difficulties regarding its effectiveness, such as chronic non-communicable diseases, food allergies, which will consequently affect the health of the infant. However, it must be seen with the importance it represents for health.
Palavras-chave
Introdução alimentar, Aleitamento materno exclusivo, Saúde do lactente, Alimentos ultraprocessados, introdução alimentar precoce