Dimensionamento e análise de um sistema de aeração para silos armazenadores de grãos
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Arquivos
Data
2022-12-13
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Engenharias
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Germann, Renan
Orientador
Bartex, Sérgio Luiz Telles
Coorientador
Resumo
A produção de grãos é um dos principais segmentos do setor agrícola tanto no cenário nacional quanto no internacional. Devido ao imenso potencial brasileiro para o aumento do cultivo de grãos, há a necessidade de minimizar perdas, preservando a sua qualidade durante o armazenamento em silos. Uma das boas práticas agrícolas de conservação é por meio do correto dimensionamento do sistema de aeração de silo armazenador, o qual consiste na movimentação forçada de ar ambiente, que promove a diminuição e padronização da temperatura dos grãos armazenados. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho descreveu o método de cálculo para o dimensionamento de um sistema de aeração para milho ou soja armazenados em silos de concreto com 16 metros de altura e 16 metros de diâmetro, baseado na reconhecida obra do autor Érico Aquino Weber, denominada de “Excelência em Beneficiamento e Armazenagem de Grãos (2005)”. Transcorreu através de validações das vinte e sete equações, oriundas da metodologia de Weber (2005), as quais foram divididas em três etapas: valores para a capacidade dos silos e dos produtos armazenados; cálculos da aeração; e cálculos dos dutos aeradores. Além disso, foram esclarecidos os valores para a pressão estática e a potência. Assim, o volume total de grão para o respectivo silo foi de 2.635 toneladas. Os tamanhos dos canais L1 e L2 foram determinados em 0,5 x 0,6 metros e 0,6 x 0,35 metros, respectivamente. Já o canal de distribuição definiu-se por 0,9 x 0,5 metros e o último canal por 1,46 x 0,5 metros. Por fim, 73,66 mm coluna d’água é o valor da pressão estática e o ventilador escolhido para atender o projeto é o de 15 CV. Concluiu-se que houve êxito deste trabalho no dimensionamento de um sistema de aeração para o respectivo silo armazenador, sendo inclusive economicamente viável.
Grain production is one of the main segments of the agricultural sector both in the national and international scenario. Due to the immense Brazilian potential for increasing grain cultivation, there is a need to minimize losses, preserving their quality during storage in silos. One of the best conservation agricultural practices is through the correct dimensioning of the storage silo aeration system, which consists of the forced movement of ambient air, which promotes the decrease and standardization of the temperature of the stored grains. In this perspective, the present work described the calculation method for the dimensioning of an aeration system for corn or soybeans stored in concrete silos with 16 meters of height and 16 meters of diameter, based on the recognized work of the author Érico Aquino Weber, called from “Excellence in Grain Processing and Storage (2005)”. It took place through the validation of twenty-seven equations, derived from the methodology of Weber (2005), which were divided into three stages: values for the capacity of silos and stored products; aeration calculations; and calculations of aerator ducts. In addition, the values for static pressure and power were clarified. Thus, the total grain volume for the respective silo was 2,635 tons. The sizes of channels L1 and L2 were determined to be 0.5 x 0.6 meters and 0.6 x 0.35 meters, respectively. The distribution channel was defined by 0.9 x 0.5 meters and the last channel by 1.46 x 0.5 meters. Finally, 73.66 mm of water column is the static pressure value and the fan chosen to meet the project is the 15 CV fan. It was concluded that this work was successful in designing an aeration system for the respective storage silo, and it was also economically viable.
Grain production is one of the main segments of the agricultural sector both in the national and international scenario. Due to the immense Brazilian potential for increasing grain cultivation, there is a need to minimize losses, preserving their quality during storage in silos. One of the best conservation agricultural practices is through the correct dimensioning of the storage silo aeration system, which consists of the forced movement of ambient air, which promotes the decrease and standardization of the temperature of the stored grains. In this perspective, the present work described the calculation method for the dimensioning of an aeration system for corn or soybeans stored in concrete silos with 16 meters of height and 16 meters of diameter, based on the recognized work of the author Érico Aquino Weber, called from “Excellence in Grain Processing and Storage (2005)”. It took place through the validation of twenty-seven equations, derived from the methodology of Weber (2005), which were divided into three stages: values for the capacity of silos and stored products; aeration calculations; and calculations of aerator ducts. In addition, the values for static pressure and power were clarified. Thus, the total grain volume for the respective silo was 2,635 tons. The sizes of channels L1 and L2 were determined to be 0.5 x 0.6 meters and 0.6 x 0.35 meters, respectively. The distribution channel was defined by 0.9 x 0.5 meters and the last channel by 1.46 x 0.5 meters. Finally, 73.66 mm of water column is the static pressure value and the fan chosen to meet the project is the 15 CV fan. It was concluded that this work was successful in designing an aeration system for the respective storage silo, and it was also economically viable.
Palavras-chave
Armazenamento, Silos, Movimentação de ar, Aeração