Imunomodulação no estabelecimento da neuroinflamação associada à doenças neurodegenerativas
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Data
2022-12-06
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
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Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso embargado
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Autores
CRUZ, Thamyris Lima
Orientador
PEIXOTO, Rephany Fonseca
Coorientador
Resumo
A micróglia é o principal componente imune e mais relevante no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC), apresentando fenótipos polarizados em resposta as perturbações da homeostase no microambiente cerebral que afetam criticamente suas funções domésticas, cursando para o estabelecimento da neuroinflamação e posterior favorecimento do desenvolvimento da neurodegeneração. Este artigo objetiva relacionar o desequilíbrio microglial com o comportamento das vias de ativação da neurodegeneração. Nesta revisão bibliográfica integrativa, o levantamento de referências publicadas na forma de artigos científicos contemplou as plataformas SciELO, PubMed, Medline e Lilacs redirecionadas pela Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), contemplando publicações do período de janeiro de 2018 a outubro de 2022, utilizando os descritores: “Neuroinflammation”, “Immune System” e “SNC”. Os fatores que possuem elevado potencial para desequilibrar as funções de defesa das micróglias incluem alterações nas barreiras hematoencefálica e do trato gastrointestinal, além de alterações no perfil das citocinas pró-inflamatórias detectadas pelos receptores expressos pelas micróglias. Conclui-se que os receptores expressos pelas micróglias constituem um mecanismo chave no estabelecimento da neuroinflamação e a abordagem do microbioma do trato gastrointestinal apesar de recente, é bastante promissora para a compreensão das lacunas de conhecimento não apenas das doenças neurodegenerativas, mas para o entendimento da relação do eixo microbioma-intestino-cérebro e investigação da complexa e diversa comunidade de microrganismos no trato gastrointestinal.
Microglia is the main and most relevant immune component in the Central Nervous System (CNS), presenting polarized phenotypes in response to perturbations of homeostasis in the brain microenvironment that critically affect its domestic functions, cursing to the establishment of neuroinflammation and subsequent favoring of the development of neurodegeneration. This article aims to relate microglial imbalance to the behavior of neurodegeneration activation pathways. In this integrative literature review, the survey of references published as scientific articles contemplated the platforms SciELO, PubMed, Medline and Lilacs redirected by the Virtual Health Library (VHL), contemplating publications from January 2018 to October 2022, using the descriptors: "Neuroinflammation", "Immune System" and "CNS". The factors that have a high potential to unbalance the defense functions of mycroglia include alterations in the blood-brain and gastrointestinal tract barriers, and changes in the profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines detected by the receptors expressed by mycroglia. It is concluded that receptors expressed by microglia constitute a key mechanism in the establishment of neuroinflammation and the GI tract microbiome approach although recent, is very promising for understanding the knowledge gaps not only in neurodegenerative diseases, but for understanding the relationship of the microbiomeintestine-brain axis and investigating the complex and diverse community of microorganisms in the GI tract.
Microglia is the main and most relevant immune component in the Central Nervous System (CNS), presenting polarized phenotypes in response to perturbations of homeostasis in the brain microenvironment that critically affect its domestic functions, cursing to the establishment of neuroinflammation and subsequent favoring of the development of neurodegeneration. This article aims to relate microglial imbalance to the behavior of neurodegeneration activation pathways. In this integrative literature review, the survey of references published as scientific articles contemplated the platforms SciELO, PubMed, Medline and Lilacs redirected by the Virtual Health Library (VHL), contemplating publications from January 2018 to October 2022, using the descriptors: "Neuroinflammation", "Immune System" and "CNS". The factors that have a high potential to unbalance the defense functions of mycroglia include alterations in the blood-brain and gastrointestinal tract barriers, and changes in the profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines detected by the receptors expressed by mycroglia. It is concluded that receptors expressed by microglia constitute a key mechanism in the establishment of neuroinflammation and the GI tract microbiome approach although recent, is very promising for understanding the knowledge gaps not only in neurodegenerative diseases, but for understanding the relationship of the microbiomeintestine-brain axis and investigating the complex and diverse community of microorganisms in the GI tract.
Palavras-chave
Micróglia, Neurotoxicidade, Inflamação