"Yu, u nobuntu": Ubuntu, hospitalidade e hospitabilidade no volunturismo
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Data
2022-02-17
Tipo de documento
Monografia
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Área do conhecimento
Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
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Autores
Santos, Diego Ribeiro
Orientador
Rejowski, Mirian
Coorientador
Resumo
Volunturismo corresponde a uma das áreas emergentes do turismo na contemporaneidade e se destina a turistas engajados em viagens, promovidas por empresas com e sem fins lucrativos, para realizar trabalho voluntário em diversas modalidades em âmbito nacional e internacional em programas de cunho social, de conservação de comunidades, ecológicos, de saúde e educacionais. O continente africano está entre os mais procurados e visitados para a prática do volunturismo. Nos países do continente localizados na região subsaariana, compartilha-se de uma filosofia e ética relacional denominada ubuntu que diz respeito à interconexão entre os seres e a responsabilidade mútua, que formam a base da hospitalidade africana. Crê-se que o exercício do volunturismo serve de palco para experiências hospitaleiras onde os voluntários podem agir com hospitabilidade, assim como seus anfitriões, portanto, determinou-se como objetivo principal averiguar a ocorrência da alteridade e da solidariedade como princípios fundantes da hospitalidade e ubuntu a partir experiência de volunturismo de brasileiros em países da África subsaariana. Encaminhou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratório-descritiva com coleta de dados em duas etapas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco líderes de organizações especializadas em volunturismo e sete volunturistas brasileiros que estiveram em países como África do Sul, Gana e Quênia. Encontraram-se características e atitudes hospitaleiras, como abertura, receptividade e amabilidade, nas descrições realizadas pelos volunturistas sobre o modo como agiram com os membros das comunidades locais tanto nas interações relativas à execução do trabalho voluntário quanto a outras vivências durante a viagem. Evidenciou-se a priorização das necessidades dos comunitários por parte dos voluntários e o senso de responsabilidade pelo acolhimento, bem-estar e felicidade, bem como no respeito à individualidade dos membros das comunidades. Em relação à hospitalidade africana, os volunturistas se disseram impactados por expressões de alegria, felicidade, gratidão e simplicidade dos moradores das comunidades visitadas. Observou-se uma gama de aprendizados, mudanças de atitudes e transformações nos volunturistas tanto em âmbito individual quanto coletivo por meio da compreensão de que viver em comunidade significa apoiá-la por meio de atos de cooperação e respeito mútuo, valores presentes no espírito de ubuntu.
Voluntourism corresponds to a set of emerging areas of contemporary tourism and is aimed at tourists who dedicate themselves to taking trips promoted by for-profit companies and non-profit organizations, to carry out voluntary work in various forms at national and international level in social protection, community conservation, ecological, health and educational programs. The African continent is among the most sought-after and visited regions for the practice of volunteer tourism. The countries in the sub-Saharan region of the continent share a philosophy and relational ethics called ubuntu, which concerns the interconnection and mutual responsibility among beings, which form the basis of African hospitality. It is believed that the exercise of voluntourism serves as a stage for hospitable experiences where volunteers can act with hospitableness, as well as their hosts do, therefore, it has been defined as the main goal of this thesis to find out the occurrence of alterity and solidarity as founding principles of hospitality and ubuntu from the experience of Brazilians volunteering in sub-Saharan African countries. A qualitative, exploratory-descriptive research was carried out with data collection in two stages through semi-structured interviews with five leaders of organizations specialized in voluntourism and seven Brazilian volunteers who had been to South Africa, Ghana, and Kenya. Hospitable characteristics and attitudes, such as openness, receptivity, and kindness, were found in the descriptions made by the volunteers about the way they acted with the members of the local communities both in the interactions during the execution of the volunteer work and in other experiences during the trip. Evidence shows that volunteers prioritized community members' needs, had a sense of responsibility for the welcoming, well-being and happiness of community members as well as the respect for their individuality. Regarding African hospitality, volunteers said they were impacted by expressions of joy, happiness, gratitude, and simplicity from the residents of the communities. A range of learnings, changes in attitudes and transformations were observed in voluntourists both individually and collectively through the understanding that living in a community means supporting it through acts of cooperation and mutual respect, which are values present in the spirit of ubuntu.
Voluntourism corresponds to a set of emerging areas of contemporary tourism and is aimed at tourists who dedicate themselves to taking trips promoted by for-profit companies and non-profit organizations, to carry out voluntary work in various forms at national and international level in social protection, community conservation, ecological, health and educational programs. The African continent is among the most sought-after and visited regions for the practice of volunteer tourism. The countries in the sub-Saharan region of the continent share a philosophy and relational ethics called ubuntu, which concerns the interconnection and mutual responsibility among beings, which form the basis of African hospitality. It is believed that the exercise of voluntourism serves as a stage for hospitable experiences where volunteers can act with hospitableness, as well as their hosts do, therefore, it has been defined as the main goal of this thesis to find out the occurrence of alterity and solidarity as founding principles of hospitality and ubuntu from the experience of Brazilians volunteering in sub-Saharan African countries. A qualitative, exploratory-descriptive research was carried out with data collection in two stages through semi-structured interviews with five leaders of organizations specialized in voluntourism and seven Brazilian volunteers who had been to South Africa, Ghana, and Kenya. Hospitable characteristics and attitudes, such as openness, receptivity, and kindness, were found in the descriptions made by the volunteers about the way they acted with the members of the local communities both in the interactions during the execution of the volunteer work and in other experiences during the trip. Evidence shows that volunteers prioritized community members' needs, had a sense of responsibility for the welcoming, well-being and happiness of community members as well as the respect for their individuality. Regarding African hospitality, volunteers said they were impacted by expressions of joy, happiness, gratitude, and simplicity from the residents of the communities. A range of learnings, changes in attitudes and transformations were observed in voluntourists both individually and collectively through the understanding that living in a community means supporting it through acts of cooperation and mutual respect, which are values present in the spirit of ubuntu.
Palavras-chave
Hospitalidade, Hospitality, Ubuntu, Ubuntu, Hospitabilidade, Hospitableness, Hospitalidade africana, African hospitality, Volunturismo, Voluntourism