Abordagem fisioterapêutica nas disfunções sexuais femininas: revisão integrativa
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Data
2022-06-28
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Santos, Maria Ederlane de Jesus
Orientador
Carvalho, Fábio Luiz de Oliveira
Coorientador
Resumo
As mulheres, através de um processo cultural, histórico e político denominado
Feminismo, alcançaram independência e autonomia para tomar decisões sobre sua
vida social, e também direito para decidir sobre seu próprio corpo. Nesse processo,
com a busca de instruções sem a manipulação do sistema patriarcal, a mulher
descobriu que o corpo feminino pode sentir prazer, desejo e satisfação sexual, que,
quando isso não ocorre, precisa ser investigado e tratado, pois pode se tratar de uma
disfunção sexual, que são desordens na resposta sexual, que podem acontecer de
várias formas e estão ligadas à falta ou diminuição de resposta em um dos domínios
da resposta sexual, que são: excitação, platô, orgasmo e resolução, os quais podem
estar relacionados a alterações anatômicas, patológicas ou psicológicas. Este
trabalho tem como objetivo discutir sobre as intervenções fisioterapêuticas nas
disfunções sexuais, entender como elas ocorrem e compreender a anatomia feminina
e as alterações geradas por causa das disfunções sexuais. Foi realizada uma revisão
integrativa da literatura entre os meses de fevereiro e junho de 2022, utilizando como
descritores “disfunção sexual”, “saúde mulher”, “atuação fisioterapêutica”,
“vaginismo”, “anorgasmia”, “dispareunia”, “incontinência urinária”, “vulvodínia”, em
idiomas como português e inglês. Foram incluídos estudos entre os anos de 2012 e
2020, com exceção de obras clássicas anteriores a 2022, nas bases de dados
LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed e SciELO. A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS)
considera as disfunções sexuais femininas como um problema de saúde, e o
fisioterapeuta é um profissional de primeiro contato que pode agir na identificação,
prevenção, avaliação e no tratamento dessas disfunções. A fisioterapia dispõe de
recursos simples e de baixo custo que se mostram eficazes para o tratamento dessas
disfunções. A maioria das disfunções sexuais é causada por alterações hipotônicas e
hipertônicas dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e o fisioterapeuta usa técnicas como
os exercícios de Kegel para fortalecer, relaxar e promover conscientização da
contração consciente desses músculos, além de usar técnicas como terapia manual
e eletroterapia no tratamento das dores causadas pelas disfunções. A equipe
multidisciplinar é muito importante no acompanhamento das mulheres com disfunções
sexuais e o atendimento biopsicossocial é fundamental para uma resposta positiva ao
tratamento. É necessário preparar os profissionais para o manejo ideal na
identificação das mulheres com disfunção sexual, pois a maioria se sente
constrangida em abordar o assunto e, muitas vezes, a disfunção só é descoberta após
agravos, o que prejudica a resposta ao tratamento. Portanto, é possível constatar que
o fisioterapeuta participa ativamente da abordagem, identificação, prevenção,
avaliação e do tratamento das disfunções sexuais femininas, dispondo de recursos
simples e eficientes voltados para devolver a função sexual dessa mulher e melhorar
sua qualidade de vida.
Women, through a cultural, historical and political process called Feminism, got independence and autonomy to make decisions about their social life, and also the right to decide about their own bodies. In this process, with the search for instructions without the manipulation of the patriarchal system, the woman discovered that the female body can feel pleasure, desire and sexual satisfaction, which, when this doesn’t occur, needs to be investigated and treated, because it can be a sexual dysfunction, which are disorders in the sexual response, which can happen in several ways and are linked to the lack or decrease of response in one of the domains of the sexual answer, which are: excitation, plateau, orgasm and resolution, which may be related to anatomical, pathological or psychological changes. This work has as objective to discuss about physiotherapeutic interventions in sexual dysfunctions, to understand how they occur and to comprehend the female anatomy and the changes generated because of sexual dysfunctions. An integrative literature review was carried out between February and June 2022, using as descriptors ‘sexual dysfunction’, ‘women’s health’, ‘physiotherapeutic performance’, ‘vaginismus’, ‘anorgasmia’, ‘dyspareunia’, ‘urinary incontinence’, ‘vulvodynia’, in languages such as Portuguese and English. Studies between the years 2012 and 2020 were included, with the exception of classic works prior to 2022, in the LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO databases. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers female sexual dysfunctions as a health problem, and the physiotherapist is a first contact professional who can act in the identification, prevention, evaluation and treatment of these dysfunctions. Physiotherapy has simple and low-cost resources that are effective for the treatment of these disorders. Most sexual dysfunctions are caused by hypotonic and hypertonic changes to the pelvic floor muscles and the physiotherapist uses techniques such as Kegel exercises to strengthen, relax and promote awareness of conscious contraction of these muscles, in addition to use techniques such as manual therapy and electrotherapy treatment of pain caused by dysfunctions. The multidisciplinary team is very important in the follow-up of women with sexual dysfunctions and biopsychosocial care is essential for a positive response to treatment. It is necessary to prepare professionals for the ideal management in the identification of women with sexual dysfunction, as most of them feel embarrassed to address the subject and, often, the dysfunction is only discovered after injuries, which damage the answer to the treatment. Therefore, it is possible to verify that the physiotherapist actively participates in the approach, identification, prevention, evaluation and treatment of female sexual dysfunctions, having simple and efficient resources aimed at restoring this woman’s sexual function and improving her quality of life.
Women, through a cultural, historical and political process called Feminism, got independence and autonomy to make decisions about their social life, and also the right to decide about their own bodies. In this process, with the search for instructions without the manipulation of the patriarchal system, the woman discovered that the female body can feel pleasure, desire and sexual satisfaction, which, when this doesn’t occur, needs to be investigated and treated, because it can be a sexual dysfunction, which are disorders in the sexual response, which can happen in several ways and are linked to the lack or decrease of response in one of the domains of the sexual answer, which are: excitation, plateau, orgasm and resolution, which may be related to anatomical, pathological or psychological changes. This work has as objective to discuss about physiotherapeutic interventions in sexual dysfunctions, to understand how they occur and to comprehend the female anatomy and the changes generated because of sexual dysfunctions. An integrative literature review was carried out between February and June 2022, using as descriptors ‘sexual dysfunction’, ‘women’s health’, ‘physiotherapeutic performance’, ‘vaginismus’, ‘anorgasmia’, ‘dyspareunia’, ‘urinary incontinence’, ‘vulvodynia’, in languages such as Portuguese and English. Studies between the years 2012 and 2020 were included, with the exception of classic works prior to 2022, in the LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO databases. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers female sexual dysfunctions as a health problem, and the physiotherapist is a first contact professional who can act in the identification, prevention, evaluation and treatment of these dysfunctions. Physiotherapy has simple and low-cost resources that are effective for the treatment of these disorders. Most sexual dysfunctions are caused by hypotonic and hypertonic changes to the pelvic floor muscles and the physiotherapist uses techniques such as Kegel exercises to strengthen, relax and promote awareness of conscious contraction of these muscles, in addition to use techniques such as manual therapy and electrotherapy treatment of pain caused by dysfunctions. The multidisciplinary team is very important in the follow-up of women with sexual dysfunctions and biopsychosocial care is essential for a positive response to treatment. It is necessary to prepare professionals for the ideal management in the identification of women with sexual dysfunction, as most of them feel embarrassed to address the subject and, often, the dysfunction is only discovered after injuries, which damage the answer to the treatment. Therefore, it is possible to verify that the physiotherapist actively participates in the approach, identification, prevention, evaluation and treatment of female sexual dysfunctions, having simple and efficient resources aimed at restoring this woman’s sexual function and improving her quality of life.
Palavras-chave
Disfunção sexual fisiológica, Fisioterapia, Incontinência urinária, Vaginismo, Dispareunia