Política Externa brasileira para energia: análise comparativa entre os setores do Petróleo e Biocombustíveis no Brasil
Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
Data
2023-12
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
PONTES, Caroline Faria
SILVA, Sheila Paulino e
SANTOS, Ana Carolina da Silva
Orientador
OLIVEIRA, Alessandra Cavalcante de
Coorientador
Resumo
O tema da sustentabilidade e diminuição da pobreza ganham o centro das discussões e desafiam a governança global a encontrar meios efetivos para a mudança da matriz energética mundial, contexto no qual petróleo e biocombustíveis são fontes energéticas que disputam o mercado no século XXI. Se a cooperação entre os países constitui um constante desafio, em relação as questões climáticas, as quais exigem redução da queima de combustíveis fósseis, não é diferente, sobretudo, quando o mercado de petróleo ainda é pungente e lucrativo para seus produtores. A tensão entre questões climáticas e mercado mundial de petróleo corresponde em grande medida a tensões geopolíticas e a uma política energética contraditória por parte dos governos, como parece ser o caso do Brasil. Entretanto, o presente trabalho verifica que o posicionamento da política externa brasileira e os investimentos na produção de biocombustível faz suspeitar que há interesse do Brasil em crescer no mercado de biocombustíveis na mesma proporção em que cresce no mercado mundial de petróleo. Seria mesmo esse o objetivo do Brasil? Diante dessa perspectiva, o objetivo maior desta pesquisa consistiu em averiguar como o Brasil tem compreendido a questão e que política tem realizado acerca do petróleo e das energias renováveis. Para tanto, ele apresenta uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa multinível a fim de verificar as políticas públicas implementadas pelo Brasil e a sua política externa, lançando mão dos conceitos de governança global e governança estatal. Como resultado, a investigação observa que a política energética brasileira é baseada na diversidade de sua produção, dando ênfase à produção petrolífera e abrindo espaço de maneira promissora para a produção de biocombustíveis, com destaque para o etanol.
The issue of sustainability and poverty reduction are at the center of discussions and challenge global governance to find effective ways to change the world's energy matrix, a context in which oil and biofuels are energy sources that are competing for the market in the 21st century. If cooperation between countries is a constant challenge, it is no different when it comes to climate issues, which require a reduction in the burning of fossil fuels, especially when the oil market is still so vibrant and lucrative for its producers. The tension between climate issues and the global oil market is largely due to geopolitical tensions and contradictory energy policies on the part of governments, as seems to be the case in Brazil. However, this study shows that the position of Brazilian foreign policy and investments in biofuel production suggests that Brazil is interested in growing in the biofuel market at the same rate as it is growing in the world oil market. Is this really Brazil's goal? Given this perspective, the main objective of this research was to find out how Brazil has understood the issue and what policy it has pursued with regard to oil and renewable energies. To this end, it presents a multilevel qualitative and quantitative analysis in order to verify the public policies implemented by Brazil and its foreign policy, using the concepts of global governance and state governance. As a result, the research observes that Brazil's energy policy is based on the diversity of its production, emphasizing oil production and promisingly opening up space for the production of biofuels, especially ethanol.
The issue of sustainability and poverty reduction are at the center of discussions and challenge global governance to find effective ways to change the world's energy matrix, a context in which oil and biofuels are energy sources that are competing for the market in the 21st century. If cooperation between countries is a constant challenge, it is no different when it comes to climate issues, which require a reduction in the burning of fossil fuels, especially when the oil market is still so vibrant and lucrative for its producers. The tension between climate issues and the global oil market is largely due to geopolitical tensions and contradictory energy policies on the part of governments, as seems to be the case in Brazil. However, this study shows that the position of Brazilian foreign policy and investments in biofuel production suggests that Brazil is interested in growing in the biofuel market at the same rate as it is growing in the world oil market. Is this really Brazil's goal? Given this perspective, the main objective of this research was to find out how Brazil has understood the issue and what policy it has pursued with regard to oil and renewable energies. To this end, it presents a multilevel qualitative and quantitative analysis in order to verify the public policies implemented by Brazil and its foreign policy, using the concepts of global governance and state governance. As a result, the research observes that Brazil's energy policy is based on the diversity of its production, emphasizing oil production and promisingly opening up space for the production of biofuels, especially ethanol.
Palavras-chave
Petróleo, Energias renováveis, Política Externa Brasileira, Biocombustíveis, Etanol