Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com câncer de laringe atendidos em um hospital do Sul de Santa Catarina
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Data
2022
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso embargado
Editora
Autores
Vieira, Michela da Luz
Orientador
Marcelino, Taise de Freitas
Coorientador
Fortunato, Jucélia Jeremias
Resumo
Introdução: O câncer de laringe é considerado um dos mais comuns dentre os tumores da região da cabeça e pescoço, sendo responsável por uma incidência anual de aproximadamente 95 mil mortes por ano e cerca de 180.000 novos casos na população mundial. Trata-se de uma doença multifatorial, que resulta não somente de herança genética, mas também de fatores ambientais. Os hábitos de risco mais significativos são o consumo de tabaco e álcool. Objetivos: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes acometidos com câncer de laringe atendidos no setor oncológico de um hospital referência no Sul de Santa Catarina no período de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2020. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico observacional de delineamento transversal com dados secundários. Pesquisa realizada através da análise de prontuários de pacientes atendidos no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição - no município de Tubarão/SC - com diagnóstico de câncer de laringe, no qual foi analisado as variáveis que constavam em um protocolo de pesquisa elaborado pelos próprios autores. Resultados: Foram analisados 112 prontuários, sendo a maior parte da amostra composta por homens (80,36%). Os anos com maior incidência de câncer de laringe foram 2016 e 2018. A faixa etária prevalente foi de 60 anos ou mais. A maior parte da amostra era tabagista e etilista. A informação em relação à história familiar de câncer esteve ausente na maioria dos prontuários, contudo, a história positiva foi mais prevalente (18,8%). Foi encontrado uma significância maior no grupo da faixa etária dos 60 anos ou mais com história familiar positiva para neoplasia (p=0,082). Os sintomas mais relatados foram disfonia, disfagia e odinofagia, sobretudo nas neoplasias localizadas em regiões glótica e supraglótica. Conclusão: A faixa etária ≥ 60 anos foi a mais acometida, com predomínio do gênero masculino em relação ao feminino. Dentre os fatores de risco mais relevantes encontrados foram o tabagismo, etilismo e a história familiar de câncer. A região mais prevalente do tumor é a região glótica e seu principal sintoma é a disfonia. A disfonia parece estar mais rela- cionada com o quadro inicial de neoplasia laríngea, principalmente na região glótica.
Introduction: Laryngeal cancer is considered one of the most common tumors of the head and neck region, accounting for an annual incidence of approximately 95,000 deaths per year and about 180,000 new cases in the world population. It is a multifactorial disease, which results not only from genetic inheritance, but also from environmental factors. The most significant risk habits are tobacco and alcohol consumption. Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with laryngeal cancer treated in the oncology sector of a reference hospital in southern Santa Catarina from January 2015 to December 2020. Methods: Observational epidemiological study with a cross sectional design with secondary data. Research carried out through the analysis of medical records of patients treated at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição - in the city of Tubarão/SC - diagnosed with laryngeal cancer, in which the variables contained in a research protocol developed by the authors were analyzed. Results: 112 medical records were analyzed, with most of the sample composed of men (80.36%). The years with the highest incidence of laryngeal cancer were 2016 and 2018. The prevalent age group was 60 years or older. Most of the sample were smokers and drinkers. Information regarding family history of cancer was absent in most medical records, however, positive history was more prevalent (18.8%). A greater significance was found in the age group of 60 years or older with a positive family history of cancer (p=0.082). The most reported symptoms were dysphonia, dysphagia and odynophagia, especially in neoplasms located in the glottic and supraglottic regions. Conclusion: The age group ≥ 60 years was the most affected, with a predominance of males over females. Among the most relevant risk factors found were smoking, alcohol consumption and family history of cancer. The most prevalent region of the tumor is the glottic region and its main symptom is dysphonia. Dysphonia seems to be more related to the initial picture of laryngeal neoplasm, especially in the glottic region.
Introduction: Laryngeal cancer is considered one of the most common tumors of the head and neck region, accounting for an annual incidence of approximately 95,000 deaths per year and about 180,000 new cases in the world population. It is a multifactorial disease, which results not only from genetic inheritance, but also from environmental factors. The most significant risk habits are tobacco and alcohol consumption. Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with laryngeal cancer treated in the oncology sector of a reference hospital in southern Santa Catarina from January 2015 to December 2020. Methods: Observational epidemiological study with a cross sectional design with secondary data. Research carried out through the analysis of medical records of patients treated at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição - in the city of Tubarão/SC - diagnosed with laryngeal cancer, in which the variables contained in a research protocol developed by the authors were analyzed. Results: 112 medical records were analyzed, with most of the sample composed of men (80.36%). The years with the highest incidence of laryngeal cancer were 2016 and 2018. The prevalent age group was 60 years or older. Most of the sample were smokers and drinkers. Information regarding family history of cancer was absent in most medical records, however, positive history was more prevalent (18.8%). A greater significance was found in the age group of 60 years or older with a positive family history of cancer (p=0.082). The most reported symptoms were dysphonia, dysphagia and odynophagia, especially in neoplasms located in the glottic and supraglottic regions. Conclusion: The age group ≥ 60 years was the most affected, with a predominance of males over females. Among the most relevant risk factors found were smoking, alcohol consumption and family history of cancer. The most prevalent region of the tumor is the glottic region and its main symptom is dysphonia. Dysphonia seems to be more related to the initial picture of laryngeal neoplasm, especially in the glottic region.
Palavras-chave
Câncer, Laringe, Hábitos, Diagnóstico