Citopatologia: rastreamento do câncer de colo uterino pelo Exame de Papanicolau
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Data
2022-12-09
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Santos, Witória Pedrosa
Silva, Valesca Ferreira
Orientador
Queiroz Neto, Moacir Fernandes de
Coorientador
Resumo
O exame de Papanicolau é o principal teste para detectar lesões de baixo e alto grau e realizar diagnóstico precoce da patologia. O exame é ofertado nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde - UBS - e é indicado para a realização, periodicamente, com a finalidade de reduzir a mortalidade pelo câncer do colo do útero. O Papanicolau é um exame simples e de baixo custo que consiste na coleta de células endocervicais e ectocervicais por meio da raspagem com a espátula de ayre e escova cervical para análise laboratorial. Por meio dessa análise, pode-se detectar lesões pré-cancerosas. Este estudo busca realizar uma pesquisa literária sobre o câncer de colo uterino realizando o rastreamento pelo exame de Papanicolau também chamado de preventivo, demonstrando a importância do exame de Papanicolau e sua perspectiva no rastreamento do câncer do colo uterino. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa utilizando os descritivos câncer de colo do útero, papanicolau e papilomavírus humano realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), PUBMED, Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILAC), e o período de início até 2021 depois foi filtrado e artigos que não tinha correlação com o tema foram excluídos. Foi possível notar que o exame e diagnóstico precoces são de extrema importância para um prognóstico positivo, indicando um tratamento precoce e prevenindo o surgimento do câncer e levando. Mais recentemente vacinação também surge como uma forma importante de prevenção da infecção por HPV e do câncer do colo de útero.
The Papanicolaou exam is the main test to detect low and high grade lesions and perform an early diagnosis of the pathology. The exam is offered at the Basic Health Units - UBS - and is indicated to be carried out periodically, with the aim of reducing mortality from cervical cancer. The Pap smear is a simple and low-cost test that consists of collecting endocervical and ectocervical cells by scraping them with an ayre spatula and a cervical brush for laboratory analysis. Through this analysis, precancerous lesions can be detected. This study seeks to carry out a literary research on cervical cancer by performing screening by the Pap smear, also called preventive, demonstrating the importance of the Pap smear and its perspective in the screening of cervical cancer. An integrative review was carried out using the descriptives cervical cancer, papanicolau and human papillomavirus carried out in the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PUBMED, Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILAC), and the period starting until 2021 was then filtered and articles that had no correlation with the theme were excluded. It was possible to note that the early examination and diagnosis are of extreme importance for a positive prognosis, indicating an early treatment and preventing the appearance of cancer and leading. More recently, vaccination has also emerged as an important way to prevent HPV infection and cervical cancer.
The Papanicolaou exam is the main test to detect low and high grade lesions and perform an early diagnosis of the pathology. The exam is offered at the Basic Health Units - UBS - and is indicated to be carried out periodically, with the aim of reducing mortality from cervical cancer. The Pap smear is a simple and low-cost test that consists of collecting endocervical and ectocervical cells by scraping them with an ayre spatula and a cervical brush for laboratory analysis. Through this analysis, precancerous lesions can be detected. This study seeks to carry out a literary research on cervical cancer by performing screening by the Pap smear, also called preventive, demonstrating the importance of the Pap smear and its perspective in the screening of cervical cancer. An integrative review was carried out using the descriptives cervical cancer, papanicolau and human papillomavirus carried out in the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PUBMED, Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILAC), and the period starting until 2021 was then filtered and articles that had no correlation with the theme were excluded. It was possible to note that the early examination and diagnosis are of extreme importance for a positive prognosis, indicating an early treatment and preventing the appearance of cancer and leading. More recently, vaccination has also emerged as an important way to prevent HPV infection and cervical cancer.
Palavras-chave
Papimolavírus, HPV, Preventivo, Saúde da Mulher, IST