Políticas Neoliberais na América Do Sul: Análise da Crise Argentina de 2001
Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
Data
2022-12
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso fechado
Editora
Autores
Cavalini, Nicole
Souza, Letícia
Orientador
Moreira, Helena
Coorientador
Resumo
Este artigo analisa brevemente a construção da América Latina e seu papel no Sistema Internacional, abordando sua importância geopolítica, principalmente para os Estados Unidos, que resultaram em inúmeras implementações de políticas (neo)liberais, oriundas do excepcionalismo norte-americano e de sua política externa, voltadas à América Latina.
Além disso, aborda-se o contexto no qual os Estados Unidos se estabeleceram como hegemonia, implementando ¬– por meio de sua política externa – o neoliberalismo através de Instituições Internacionais, como o Banco Mundial e principalmente, o Fundo Monetário Internacional. A partir disso, analisamos as consequências políticas econômicas na América do sul, sobretudo na Argentina.
Por fim, a análise explora a crise que atingiu o país entre as décadas de 1990 e 2001, examinando o contexto interno da Argentina desde a regressão econômica ocorrida na década de 70, ao passar por uma ditadura militar, até os fundamentos da crise econômica que se aprofundaria em 2001.
Para analisar as políticas neoliberais implementadas na América do Sul e as suas consequências na Argentina, foi utilizado a metodologia analítica. O artigo é baseado em estudos de especialistas em História Político-econômica argentina, assim como dados econômicos oficiais.
Concluímos, portanto, que a crise econômica da argentina de 2001 está ligada com a implementação indevida de políticas neoliberais, aprofundadas durante o governo de Carlos Menem, ao adotar o regime de câmbio fixo, por meio do plano de conversibilidade. Após tal implementação, a economia argentina foi dolarizada, fazendo com que o país ficasse suscetível às crises do âmbito internacional. Nesse contexto, a Argentina aprofundou a instabilidade política, econômica e social vista desde 1990, e atingindo o ápice em 2001.
This article briefly analyzes the construction of Latin America and its role in the International System, addressing its geopolitical importance, mainly for the United States, which resulted in numerous implementations of (neo)liberal policies, derived from American exceptionalism and its foreign policy, aimed at Latin America. In addition, it addresses the context in which the United States established itself as hegemony, implementing ¬– through its foreign policy – neoliberalism through international institutions, such as the World Bank and especially the International Monetary Fund. From this, we analyze the economic and political consequences in South America, especially in Argentina. Finally, the analysis explores the crisis that hit the country between the 1990s and 2001s, examining the internal context of Argentina from the economic regression that occurred in the 1970s, when it went through a military dictatorship, to the foundations of the economic crisis that would deepen in 2001. To analyze the neoliberal policies implemented in South America and their consequences in Argentina, the analytical methodology was used. The article is based on studies by experts in Argentine Political and Economic History, as well as official economic data. We conclude, therefore, that the economic crisis of Argentina in 2001 is linked to the improper implementation of neoliberal policies, deepened during the government of Carlos Menem, by adopting the fixed exchange rate regime, through the Convertibility Plan. After the implementation, Argentina's economy was dollarized, making the country susceptible to crises of the international scope. In this context, Argentina deepened the political, economic, and social instability been seen since 1990, and peaked in 2001.
This article briefly analyzes the construction of Latin America and its role in the International System, addressing its geopolitical importance, mainly for the United States, which resulted in numerous implementations of (neo)liberal policies, derived from American exceptionalism and its foreign policy, aimed at Latin America. In addition, it addresses the context in which the United States established itself as hegemony, implementing ¬– through its foreign policy – neoliberalism through international institutions, such as the World Bank and especially the International Monetary Fund. From this, we analyze the economic and political consequences in South America, especially in Argentina. Finally, the analysis explores the crisis that hit the country between the 1990s and 2001s, examining the internal context of Argentina from the economic regression that occurred in the 1970s, when it went through a military dictatorship, to the foundations of the economic crisis that would deepen in 2001. To analyze the neoliberal policies implemented in South America and their consequences in Argentina, the analytical methodology was used. The article is based on studies by experts in Argentine Political and Economic History, as well as official economic data. We conclude, therefore, that the economic crisis of Argentina in 2001 is linked to the improper implementation of neoliberal policies, deepened during the government of Carlos Menem, by adopting the fixed exchange rate regime, through the Convertibility Plan. After the implementation, Argentina's economy was dollarized, making the country susceptible to crises of the international scope. In this context, Argentina deepened the political, economic, and social instability been seen since 1990, and peaked in 2001.
Palavras-chave
Neoliberalismo, Argentina, Consenso de Washington, Crise Econômica, América Latina