Uso indiscriminado de antibióticos como um problema de saúde pública: uma revisão integrativa.
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Data
2023-06-21
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso fechado
Editora
Autores
Luna, Larissa Silva
Rebouças, Bartira Rodrigues
Carmo, Mariana Gabriela Pereira do
Orientador
Viana, Mirelle Costa Pignata
Coorientador
Resumo
Variações genéticas bacterianas, são causadas comumente, por fatores espontâneos, porém o uso indiscriminado e/ou incorreto de antibióticos contribui para seleção acelerada de cepas bacterianas multirresistentes a diversas classes de antimicrobianos. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a problemática acerca do uso indiscriminado de antibióticos e o perigo eminente das superbactérias, a partir de uma pesquisa revisional integrativa. Tratou-se de uma revisão de literatura integrativa de natureza explicativa, junto às principais bases de dados em saúde: LILACS, MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCIELO e BVS, como também, em sites da ONU, OPAS/OMS, Anvisa e Manuais e Protocolos do Ministério da Saúde, entre 2013 e 2023. Inicialmente, selecionou-se 1551 estudos e após avaliação segundo os critérios de elegibilidade pré-estabelecidos, foram escolhidos, ao final, um total de 29 artigos. Na revisão proposta, verificou-se que apesar dos investimentos consideráveis no desenvolvimento de novos antibióticos, a falta de financiamento adequado para questões primárias de saúde pública, como saneamento básico, resulta no aumento do consumo de antibióticos. Além disso, fatores de risco relacionados a pacientes imunodeprimidos ou a ambientes hospitalares também desempenham papel significativo. Isso foi particularmente evidente durante a pandemia causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, observando-se um aumento significativo nas prescrições desnecessárias de antibióticos na tentativa de reduzir os casos de coinfecções bacterianas e, consequentemente, o agravamento do estado clínico dos pacientes. O presente estudo, evidenciou que o uso indiscriminado de antibióticos não é um problema recente e que as consequências decorrentes da pandemia da COVID-19 ainda não estão totalmente compreendidas. Isso traz perspectivas preocupantes em relação à crise sanitária associada às bactérias resistentes, destacando-se a necessidade de controle na prescrição e dispensação de antibióticos.
Bacterial genetic variations commonly occur due to spontaneous factors, but the indiscriminate and/or incorrect use of antibiotics contributes to the accelerated selection of bacterial strains that are resistant to various classes of antimicrobials. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the issues surrounding the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the imminent danger of superbugs through an integrative revisional research. It involved an explanatory integrative literature review using major health databases, including LILACS, MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCIELO, and BVS, as well as websites of the United Nations (ONU), Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (OPAS/OMS), National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), and Manuals and Protocols of the Ministry of Health, covering the period from 2013 to 2023. Initially, 1551 studies were selected, and after evaluation based on pre-established eligibility criteria, a total of 29 articles were included. The review revealed that despite considerable investments in the development of new antibiotics, the lack of adequate funding for primary public health issues, such as basic sanitation, leads to increased antibiotic consumption. Additionally, risk factors associated with immunocompromised patients or hospital environments also play a significant role. This was particularly evident during the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with a significant increase in unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in an attempt to reduce cases of bacterial coinfections and consequently worsen the patients' clinical condition. This study highlighted that indiscriminate antibiotic use is not a recent problem, and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are still not fully understood. This raises concerning perspectives regarding the health crisis associated with resistant bacteria, emphasizing the need for control in the prescription and dispensation of antibiotics.
Bacterial genetic variations commonly occur due to spontaneous factors, but the indiscriminate and/or incorrect use of antibiotics contributes to the accelerated selection of bacterial strains that are resistant to various classes of antimicrobials. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the issues surrounding the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the imminent danger of superbugs through an integrative revisional research. It involved an explanatory integrative literature review using major health databases, including LILACS, MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCIELO, and BVS, as well as websites of the United Nations (ONU), Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (OPAS/OMS), National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), and Manuals and Protocols of the Ministry of Health, covering the period from 2013 to 2023. Initially, 1551 studies were selected, and after evaluation based on pre-established eligibility criteria, a total of 29 articles were included. The review revealed that despite considerable investments in the development of new antibiotics, the lack of adequate funding for primary public health issues, such as basic sanitation, leads to increased antibiotic consumption. Additionally, risk factors associated with immunocompromised patients or hospital environments also play a significant role. This was particularly evident during the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with a significant increase in unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in an attempt to reduce cases of bacterial coinfections and consequently worsen the patients' clinical condition. This study highlighted that indiscriminate antibiotic use is not a recent problem, and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are still not fully understood. This raises concerning perspectives regarding the health crisis associated with resistant bacteria, emphasizing the need for control in the prescription and dispensation of antibiotics.
Palavras-chave
Mecanismos de resistência, Pandemia, Superbactérias