Jogadas constitucionais: a atuação política do STF no contexto da ADI 6524
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Data
2021
Tipo de documento
Dissertação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Sousa, Rômulo Vinícius Nunes de
Orientador
Espindola, Angela Araujo da Silveira
Coorientador
Resumo
A presente pesquisa localiza-se na interseção entre direito constitucional e ciência política, convidando ao estudo, sempre atual, acerca do risco de degeneração do processo democrático em face do uso exacerbado de poderes institucionais para fazer preponderar interesses individuais, especialmente quando essa conduta é praticada por membros do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Essa reflexão reveste-se de importância não só pelo aspecto teórico, em si, mas como pressuposto necessário a preservação da legitimidade da instituição e do modelo constitucional vigente. Utilizando-se de uma abordagem fenomenológico-hermenêutica, a análise parte do fenômeno político cunhado como jogo duro constitucional, sua interação com outros elementos, como a figura do apodrecimento constitucional, os riscos de degeneração democrática e como a categoria analítica propicia, na realidade da jurisdição constitucional brasileira, a compreensão de um fenômeno mais sofisticado, traduzido por Rubens Glezer como catimba constitucional, cuja prática, que mais se aproxima de “jogadas constitucionais”, interfere tanto na imagem técnica do Tribunal quanto esvazia a percepção acerca da eficácia da Constituição. Em seguida, aborda-se como a judicialização da política, especialmente no contexto brasileiro, possibilitou uma mudança de postura do STF, assim como se debruça sobre perspectivas teóricas que possam justificar o ideário constitucional e contribuir para o entendimento acerca de quais bases se apoia 7 a confiança na Constituição. Foca-se, por fim, no contexto da ADI 6524, que julgou a reeleição das mesas do Congresso Nacional, cuja relevância, para a presente pesquisa, não decorreu do resultado em si, mas das intenções que se extraem dos votos da minoria vencida, ao deliberar pela possibilidade de reeleição mesmo diante de uma vedação expressa do texto constitucional. Tais decisões, ainda que acobertadas pelo manto da legalidade, depõem contra valores do jogo democrático e reforçam a impressão de um Supremo “politizado”. A reiteração desse tipo de postura coloca em risco o sistema vigente, uma vez que estimula um processo de degradação que pode desaguar em crises constitucionais.
This research is located at the intersection between constitutional law and political science, inviting the study, which is always current, about the risk of degeneration of the democratic process in the face of the exacerbated use of institutional powers to make individual interests prevail, especially when this conduct is practiced by members of the Supreme Court. This reflection is important not only for the theoretical aspect itself, but as a necessary presupposition to preserve the legitimacy of the institution and the current constitutional model. Using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, the analysis starts from the political phenomenon coined as constitutional hardball, its interaction with other elements, such as the figure of constitutional rot, the risks of democratic degeneration and how the analytical category provides, in the reality of Brazilian constitutional jurisdiction, the understanding of a more sophisticated phenomenon, translated by Rubens Glezer as constitutional catimba, whose practice, which comes closest to “constitutional plays'', interferes both in the technical image of the Court and deflates the perception of the effectiveness of the Constitution. Then, it discusses how the judicialization of politics, especially in the Brazilian context, enabled a change in the STF's stance, as well as focusing on theoretical perspectives that can justify the constitutional ideal and contribute to the understanding of what bases the confidence in the Constitution. Finally, it focuses on the context of ADI 6524, which judged the reelection of the tables of the National Congress, whose relevance, for the present research, did not result 9 from the result itself, but from the intentions that are extracted from the votes of the defeated minority, by deliberating for the possibility of re-election even in the face of an express prohibition of the constitutional text. Such decisions, even if covered by the mantle of legality, testify against the values of the democratic game and reinforce the impression of a “politicized” Supreme Court. The reiteration of this type of posture puts the current system at risk, since it stimulates a process of degradation that can lead to constitutional crises.
This research is located at the intersection between constitutional law and political science, inviting the study, which is always current, about the risk of degeneration of the democratic process in the face of the exacerbated use of institutional powers to make individual interests prevail, especially when this conduct is practiced by members of the Supreme Court. This reflection is important not only for the theoretical aspect itself, but as a necessary presupposition to preserve the legitimacy of the institution and the current constitutional model. Using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, the analysis starts from the political phenomenon coined as constitutional hardball, its interaction with other elements, such as the figure of constitutional rot, the risks of democratic degeneration and how the analytical category provides, in the reality of Brazilian constitutional jurisdiction, the understanding of a more sophisticated phenomenon, translated by Rubens Glezer as constitutional catimba, whose practice, which comes closest to “constitutional plays'', interferes both in the technical image of the Court and deflates the perception of the effectiveness of the Constitution. Then, it discusses how the judicialization of politics, especially in the Brazilian context, enabled a change in the STF's stance, as well as focusing on theoretical perspectives that can justify the constitutional ideal and contribute to the understanding of what bases the confidence in the Constitution. Finally, it focuses on the context of ADI 6524, which judged the reelection of the tables of the National Congress, whose relevance, for the present research, did not result 9 from the result itself, but from the intentions that are extracted from the votes of the defeated minority, by deliberating for the possibility of re-election even in the face of an express prohibition of the constitutional text. Such decisions, even if covered by the mantle of legality, testify against the values of the democratic game and reinforce the impression of a “politicized” Supreme Court. The reiteration of this type of posture puts the current system at risk, since it stimulates a process of degradation that can lead to constitutional crises.
Palavras-chave
Jogo político, Confiança na Constituição, ADI 6524, Legitimidade democrática, Crise Constitucional