Efeitos do cigarro eletrônico no periodonto: revisão integrativa
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Data
2023-06-14
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso embargado
Editora
Autores
Machado, André Gomes
Orientador
Medeiros, Gláucia Helena Faraco de
Coorientador
Resumo
O cigarro eletrônico vem se tornando popular, em especial entre os jovens a partir dos 16 anos, por acreditarem ser menos nocivo do que o cigarro comum. Embora possuam melhor odor do que o cigarro comum, os cigarros eletrônicos uma serie de substâncias químicas em sua composição incluído a nicotina que atuam sobre a microbiota da cavidade bucal, com aumento do biofilme dental e processo inflamatório com impactos periodontais. Diante do exposto foi objetivo desta revisão integrativa da literatura verificar o impacto da uso do cigarro eletrônico sobre os parâmetros periodontais. A partir dos descritores foi realizada uma busca de artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Google Schoolar, Web of Science e Embase. Os artigos foram então anexados e agrupados no programa Mendeley®, de acordo com a base de dados pesquisada. Como resultado, foram identificados 389 artigos e, após a retirada da duplicação, 84 permaneceram, passando primeiramente por uma análise de título e resumo, resultando em 45 artigos. Os estudos selecionados foram conduzidos no período entre 2018 e 2022, publicados nos Estados Unidos da América, Coréia do Sul e Arábia Saudita. No total, foram selecionados seis estudos, sendo três estudos transversais e três longitudinais. Três tratavam sobre a associação entre o uso de cigarro eletrônico e convencional com a doença periodontal. Um artigo comparou, além do uso de cigarro eletrônico e convencional, também de narguilé e não fumantes, enquanto outro artigo avaliou somente as características periodontais de usuários de cigarros eletrônicos. Também foram relatados dados acerca da alteração na composição bacteriana da microbiota oral em pacientes usuários de cigarros eletrônicos e risco de desenvolvimento de doença periodontal. Pode-se concluir que há consenso na literatura os impactos negativos do uso do cigarro eletrônico sobre o periodonto em especial pela presença da nicotina em sua composição e pelo vapor que produz aumentando o risco de doença periodontal.
Electronic cigarettes have become popular, especially among young people from the age of 16, because they believe they are less harmful than regular cigarettes. Although they have a better odor than regular cigarettes, electronic cigarettes have a series of chemicals in their composition including nicotine that act on the microbiota of the oral cavity, with increased dental biofilm and inflammatory process with periodontal impacts. Given the above, the objective of this integrative review of the literature was to verify the impact of the use of electronic cigarettes on periodontal parameters. From the descriptors, articles were searched in the PubMed, SciELO, Google Schoolar, Web of Science and Embase databases. The articles were then attached and grouped in the Mendeley programme, according to the database searched. As a result, 389 articles were identified and, after the removal of duplication, 84 remained, first through an analysis of title and abstract, resulting in 45 articles. The selected studies were conducted between 2018 and 2022, published in the United States, South Korea and Saudi Arabia. In total, six studies were selected, three cross-sectional and three longitudinal studies. Three dealt with the association between electronic and conventional cigarette use with periodontal disease. One article compared, in addition to the use of electronic and conventional cigarettes, hookah and non-smokers, while another article evaluated only the periodontal characteristics of electronic cigarette users. Data were also reported about the change in the bacterial composition of oral microbiota in electronic cigarette users and risk of periodontal disease development. It can be concluded that there is consensus in the literature the negative impacts of the use of electronic cigarettes on the periodontium in particular by the presence of nicotine in its composition and the steam it produces increasing the risk of periodontal disease.
Electronic cigarettes have become popular, especially among young people from the age of 16, because they believe they are less harmful than regular cigarettes. Although they have a better odor than regular cigarettes, electronic cigarettes have a series of chemicals in their composition including nicotine that act on the microbiota of the oral cavity, with increased dental biofilm and inflammatory process with periodontal impacts. Given the above, the objective of this integrative review of the literature was to verify the impact of the use of electronic cigarettes on periodontal parameters. From the descriptors, articles were searched in the PubMed, SciELO, Google Schoolar, Web of Science and Embase databases. The articles were then attached and grouped in the Mendeley programme, according to the database searched. As a result, 389 articles were identified and, after the removal of duplication, 84 remained, first through an analysis of title and abstract, resulting in 45 articles. The selected studies were conducted between 2018 and 2022, published in the United States, South Korea and Saudi Arabia. In total, six studies were selected, three cross-sectional and three longitudinal studies. Three dealt with the association between electronic and conventional cigarette use with periodontal disease. One article compared, in addition to the use of electronic and conventional cigarettes, hookah and non-smokers, while another article evaluated only the periodontal characteristics of electronic cigarette users. Data were also reported about the change in the bacterial composition of oral microbiota in electronic cigarette users and risk of periodontal disease development. It can be concluded that there is consensus in the literature the negative impacts of the use of electronic cigarettes on the periodontium in particular by the presence of nicotine in its composition and the steam it produces increasing the risk of periodontal disease.
Palavras-chave
Cigarro, Cigarro eletrônico, Doença periodontal