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Dissertação Acesso aberto Uso de imagens de satélite para localizar baleias-franca-austral (Eubalaena australis) em área reprodutiva no Atlântico Sul Ocidental(2019) Corrêa, Audrey AmorimSatellite imagery has been used to improve research all over the world. The southern right whale population that uses the south coast of Brazil for breeding activities was chosen to test the use of low, medium and high-resolution satellite images to identify whales comparing with aerial survey in situ data collected by Instituto Australis. The high-resolution satellite image from SPOT 7 available through Google Earth showed the best results, allowing observation of shape and body parts of the animals. A Mann-Whitney U test between number of points recorded in satellite images of different years did not differ significantly from whales recorded in aerial surveys, considering both the number of groups (p-level = 0.8412) and the total number of animals (p-level = 0.2222). Also, distances between aerial survey records and definite, probable and possible whales’ points were similar. The Mantel test result was statistically significant (r = 0.52; p = 0.001; n = 13). This is the first time that satellite imagery has been used to identify southern right whales in the breeding area off Brazil. The technique used was considered viable to identify whales, so the use of satellite imagery is an important tool especially in countries where research funding is scarce.Dissertação Acesso embargado Multiple benthic indicators suggest low sewage impact from an ocean outfall in a high-energy sandy shore (South Brazil)(2019) Cândido, Thábata FernandesA urbanização de áreas costeiras não tem sido acompanhada de tratamento adequado de esgoto, e a sobrecarga de matéria orgânica compromete importantes valores econômicos, ecológicos e sociais suportados por esses ecossistemas. Os emissários oceânicos podem ser uma alternativa eficaz para o destino final das águas residuárias nas regiões costeiras, desde que devidamente instalados e monitorados. Neste estudo nós investigamos os efeitos de um pequeno emissário em uma costa arenosa e de alta energia, utilizando como indicadores esteroides sedimentares, composição bioquímica e qualidade nutricional da matéria orgânica e biodiversidade da meiofauna. Os resultados mostraram que perturbações físicas predominaram nas áreas próximas ao emissário, afetando as densidades da fauna e a concentração de fitopigmentos. As maiores concentrações de esteróis sedimentares, detectados a 1000 m à NE do emissário, indicaram a influência da hidrodinâmica local no processo de transporte e dispersão do esgoto. Nesta área, a contaminação do esgoto alterou o estado trófico bêntico e levou a uma forte diminuição na diversidade trófica e aumento de formas oportunistas. No geral, os resultados mostraram um impacto espacial relativamente baixo e espacialmente limitado do emissário. O uso combinado de esteróis fecais, estado trófico bêntico e biodiversidade da meiofauna foram muito eficazes na detecção da contaminação de esgoto por um pequeno emissário de águas residuárias em uma costa arenosa e de alta energia.Dissertação Acesso aberto Espumas rígidas de poliuretano modificadas com cimento lodo de alumínio anodizado e lodo de vidro(2019) Braglia, Thiago de AlcântaraThis article aims to study the physico-mechanical strength and fire resistance of polyurethane/cement (PuCem) composites containing glass sludge nanoparticles (GLA) and nanoparticles from aluminium anodization (AAS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that the replacement of 24.5% of the cement with sand (SAN), AAS or GLA maintained the alveolar structure in the composites; in addition, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses show that the cement hydration reaction forms hydrated aluminates and silicates. Through the ANOVA-Tukey tests for the areas and circularity of the alveoli, the areas of the PuCemAas composites are significantly different from those of PuCemGla and PuCemSan, which are similar to each other. In their circularity, the PuCemGla and PuCemSan composites are significantly different from PuCem and PuCemAas, which are similar to each other. The compressive strength decreased upon replacing cement with the aggregates. The DTA/TGA thermograms were similar for the four composites and the polyurethane (PU) matrix. The specimens were classified as flammable in the horizontal position but declassified in the vertical position (UL94). The composites offered a sound barrier between 125 Hz and 8 kHz. The hot wire test showed higher thermal insulation for PuCemGla and PuCemAas. It is concluded from a radar chart that PuCemAas presented the best result among the prepared composites.Dissertação Acesso embargado Plástico: análise multicasos sobre tecnologia, gestão e comportamento ambiental em direção à sustentabilidade no sul de Santa Catarina - Brasil(2019) Fernandes, Renata GoulartThis multi-case study aimed to analyze how the change in the environmental behavior regarding the disposable plastic market happens, starting from three vectors as assumptions: awareness, market viability or legislation. It is divided into three chapters that initially presents concepts of sustainability, management paradigms and environmental awareness and about plastics. These concepts dialogue with the following chapters, which deal with environmental awareness in the manufacturers of disposable plastics in southern Santa Catarina and an analysis of Ordinary Law No. 4944/2018, which prohibits the supply of disposable plastic straws in Imbituba – SC city, especially regarding five paradigms related to the development of environmental management. As a main result, it was observed that the vector that makes change happen faster is legislation, which assists in the process of viability and awareness.Dissertação Acesso aberto A adequada destinação das latas de tintas bicomponentes e a legislação(2019) Mafra, Ricardo MoacyrThe metallic structures, located in the south coast of the country, tend to present a higher corrosion index due to the proximity of the sea. The search for technologies that help these structures withstand adverse conditions is increasingly common. In this sense, paint manufacturers seek to develop special products to meet this rapidly growing market share. One of the most commercialized products for this purpose is bicomponent paint, which appears as an excellent alternative for protection and finishing, requiring less energy for drying and high resistance to high temperatures. This product reaches the final consumer in cans and the waste generated is not yet well identified in Brazilian legislation. Law 6.938 / 1981, which provides for the National Environmental Policy (PNMA), in its Annex VIII which deals with activities with potential for environmental impact, classifies paints as a product used in highly polluting activities. However, this Law refers to the potting of the product, making it unclear what the destination should be for empty cans, tow, gloves and others. These materials are classified as Construction Waste (RCC) and should not be disposed of in a standard waste disposal facility, such as a “rubbish dump”, as the physical / chemical properties of this waste do not allow this type of disposal under current legislation. . The current CONAMA Resolution 307/2002 - Article 1, establishes criteria, guidelines and procedures for the management of construction waste, establishing the necessary actions to minimize environmental impacts. CONAMA Resolution 469/2015 - Article 3 - item II, resulting from the updating of Resolution 307/2002, classifies plastics, metals, glass, wood, empty packaging of real estate paints and plaster as recyclable waste and recommends that it be disposed of for other purposes. applications, going through the reverse logistics process. However for bicomponent ink there is still no specific information about the correct destination of its residue. Given this scenario, a survey was made with companies in the greater Florianópolis region, which work with this type of ink. The main objective of this study was to verify with the interviewed companies the procedures for waste disposal of two-component paint used. It has been identified that most companies do not know what to do with this waste. Through this diagnosis it was verified the possibility and the need of implementation of the Reverse Logistics (LR) process. For this purpose, an awareness information booklet was initially created, presenting information on environmental legislation, reverse logistics and sustainable development. Subsequently, it was suggested the adaptation of CONAMA Resolution 307 and its updates so that Reverse Logistics is applied to the bicomponent ink residues.Dissertação Acesso embargado Processo eletroquímico combinado com ultrassom: um tratamento alternativo para efluentes agroindustriais(2019) Emerick, TuaneThe agrifood industries of milk processing (dairy) and slaughtering of animals (slaughterers) consume large volumes of water during the production process and the generated effluents present high contaminant loads, strong coloration and unpleasant odor. In addition, these effluents have a characteristic that gives water, high concentrations of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and fecal coliforms. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of the treatment of agrifood effluents from dairy and slaughterhouse of pigs using the electrochemical technique (ECF) combined with ultrasound using aluminum (Al) and aluminum with iron (Al /Faith). To achieve this objective, samples were taken in two periods during the year where a considerable volume of effluents collected at the entrance to the effluent treatment plant of a slaughterhouse of pigs and a dairy, and then the tests carried out. The collected effluents were submitted to electrochemical laboratory tests of ECF with and without the use of ultrasound, using an electrochemical reactor with aluminum and aluminum electrodes with iron, varying the exposure time (0-60 min), current density (1 a 5 A) and the electrical potential of the reactor (0 to 24 V). The results showed that the electrocoagulation-flotation process is efficient for the removal of the contaminants in the effluents generated in slaughterhouses of swine and dairy products. The best results for the treatment of swine and dairy effluent were obtained with electric potential around 6 V, time of approximately 40 minutes, current density of 5 A and spacing between the 10 mm plates, regardless of type of electrode used (Al or Al / Fe) coupled to ultrasonic vessel. All parameters analyzed after treatment of pig and / or dairy effluent by ECF showed an average efficiency above 90% in the removal of the contaminants when the aluminum or aluminum electrode with iron was used. Similar results were observed when the ultrasound-assisted ECF process was used, and the treatment time lasted only 25 minutes while maintaining high efficiency.Dissertação Acesso aberto El Niño Southern Oscillations and Pacific Decadal Oscillation as drivers of the decadal dynamics of benthic macrofauna in two subtropical estuaries (South Brazil)(2019) Francisco, André SilvaO El Niño- Oscilação Sul (ENSO) e a Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico (PDO) são oscilações climáticas em grande escala que afetam as teleconexões atmosféricas e oceânicas e desencadeiam eventos meteorológicos em diferentes escalas temporais e espaciais, tanto em áreas tropicais como extratropicais. Ao longo de 11 anos (2007 a 2017), a influência dos ENSO eventos (El Niño, La Niña e neutro) e diversidade (canônico e Modoki) e do PDO (fases positiva e negativa) sobre variáveis meteorológicas e invertebrados macrobênticos foi analisada em dois tipos de estuários subtropicais do sul do Brasil. Apesar de sua proximidade geográfica (85 km de distância), os estuários exibiram nítidas diferenças meteorológicas determinadas por processos orográficos, embora ambos tenham sido afetados pelo PDO e ENSO. A macrofauna bêntica dos estuários, um dominado por maré e outro dominado por rio, foi claramente distinta com maior riqueza de espécies no primeiro. A variabilidade de longo prazo da macrofauna bêntica em ambos os estuários foi fortemente influenciada pela oscilação decadal da temperatura da superfície do mar do Pacífico (PDO) e ENSO. Entretanto os sinais do PDO e ENSO diferiram entre os estuários estudados. O estuário dominado por maré foi primeiramente influenciado pelo PDO, e apenas secundariamente pelo ENSO. Já o estuário do dominado por rio exibiu comportamento oposto, com eventos ENSO como principal força moduladora da variabilidade decadal dos invertebrados macrobênticos. Os resultados também mostraram ainda que PDO e ENSO possuem efeitos combinados para ambos estuários, com maiores dissimilaridades da macrofauna durante períodos construtivos (PDO Positivo/EL Niño vs PDO Negativo /La Niña).Dissertação Acesso aberto Agricultura familiar no estado de Santa Catarina: avaliação dos impactos ambientais e de trabalho dos produtores de morangos(2019) Silva, Aline Santiago de Oliveira daBrazilian production covers at least seven Brazilian states, with emphasis on Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Espírito Santo, Santa Catarina, Paraná, and the Federal District. The municipalities Catarinenses, Içara and Rancho Queimado stands out in the production of the Strawberries. This research was exploratory-descriptive, using bibliographical and field research, through the case study producers from the municipalities of Içara and Rancho Queimado. Two methodological tools were combined: the Leopold matrix for the application of environmental impact studies composed of indicators versus impact factors, which allowed assigning degree and impactimportance values for each item analyzed. And for the survey of the physical demands of the tasks imposed on workers in the production of strawberries, the scale of corporal discomfort, which aims to raise the producers' grievances during their working day and the OWAS method, which seeks to define the risks of illness in relation to to the postures adopted during the work activities and the cognitive requirements were obtained through in loco observations. This dissertation presented an innovative character, as it provided the combination of two theoretical-methodological environmental impacts and Ergonomics. The two approaches combined made it possible to elaborate the recommendations, which pointed out alternatives to the generated waste, such as reverse logistics, impacts on natural resources, proposing the insertion of renewable energies, reuse of water, and measures were indicated for questions concerning the conditions of work, health and safety of producers, examples that converge towards the expanded concept of sustainability, that is, taking into account the three pillars: social, environmental and economicDissertação Acesso aberto Produção sustentável de Scenedesmus sp. com água residual e uso do plasma não térmico(2019) Souza, Leandro deAs microalgas são organismos fotossintéticos aquáticos que apresentam taxas de crescimento mais altas que as plantas terrestres e não competem com culturas alimentares e terras agricultáveis. Com uma abordagem ambientalmente amigável, as microalgas têm aplicações na remoção de contaminantes das águas residuais e na redução da eutrofização em corpos d'águas naturais. Além disso, as microalgas têm o potencial de acumular grandes quantidades de lipídios, que podem ser convertidos em biodiesel, bem como proteínas e carboidratos que encontram uma infinidade de aplicações. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com a microalga Scenedesmus sp. e está dividido em duas etapas: a primeira com uso de efluente de aterro sanitário (EAS) como alternativa para a água de cultivo, e a segunda foi utilizando o plasma não térmico (PNT), para indução do estresse celular e como pré tratamento para ruptura da parede celular. A primeira etapa do trabalho teve como objetivo o cultivo da microalga Scenedesmus sp. com o EAS proveniente da última etapa do tratamento, antes de ser lançado ao corpo d’água. Os cultivos foram realizados com fotoperíodo de 24 h, mantido sob aeração durante 10 dias. Diferentes porcentagens de EAS foram usadas (0-, 20-, 40- , 60-, 80- e 100%) para a máxima produção de biomassa algal e lipídica. A concentração ideal para cultivos foi de 80% de EAS, com produtividade celular de 187,12 mg L-1 d-1 e lipídica de 33,82 mg L-1 d-1). O conteúdo de FAs na microalga foi maior em ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (AGPIs - 62.96%) quando os cultivos foram realizados sem a presença de EAS. Nos cultivos com 80% de EAS houve uma redução dos AGPIs (33,72%) e aumento dos monoinsaturados (AGMIs – 39,34%). A remoção dos nutrientes de nitrogênio e fósforo foi observada em todos os cultivos, a maior remoção de fósforo (PO3-1 - 87%) ocorreu no cultivo com 80% de EAS. Além disso, foi verificada a remoção de metais (Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd e Rb) do meio de cultivo com 80% de EAS, indicando que a microalga é capaz de biorremediar uma água residual que apresenta elevada capacidade poluidora. Na segunda etapa foi usado o PNT nos cultivos em meio Chu (padrão) da Scenedesmus sp. com o propósito de induzir o estresse oxidativo, a fim de aumentar a produtividade lipídica na biomassa algal. O PNT é considerado uma tecnologia em crescente expansão limpa e eficiente. Foram realizados dois tipos de estudo, no primeiro o cultivo da microalga foi submetido ao PNT por 3 minutos a cada dois dias, durante 10 dias e com análises a cada 48 h pós PNT. E no outro foram realizados 5 cultivos diferentes e em cada um foi submetido o PNT em dias diferentes (2-, 4-, 6-,8- e 10º dia), com análises após uma hora e seguido de novas análises a cada 48 h. No primeiro estudo foi verificado uma melhor produtividade lipídica quando o PNT foi aplicado no 2º dia e 4º dia de cultivo com aumentos de 20,67 mg L-1 d-1 e 18,25 mg L-1 d-1 respectivamente. No segundo estudo foi verificado a maior produtividade quando o PNT foi aplicado no 2º dia (21,83 mg L-1 d-1) e 6º dia (22,67 mg L-1 d-1) de cultivo. No lipídeo obtido após aplicação do plasma no 2º dia de cultivo foi observado um aumento nos teores de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (C18:1), enquanto que no cultivo controle houve uma maior concentração de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (C18:3). A presença de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados é menos favorável para a produção de biodiesel devido aos processos de degradação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o uso do plasma para induzir a produção de lipídeos, é uma tecnologia promissora para ser aplicada nos cultivos de biomassa, visando a produção de óleo para aplicações em biodiesel, uma vez que, com apenas 4 dias de cultivo foi obtido uma maior produtividade lipídica com menor tempo, o que impacta diretamente nos custos.Dissertação Acesso aberto The promotion of food security: challenges and opportunities for food production and distribution in a context of global environmental and economic changes(2019) Amorim, Wellyngton Silva deOs efeitos do crescimento populacional, das mudanças climáticas, da rápida urbanização e do aumento na demanda por recursos energéticos, alimentares e hídricos, contribuíram para a consolidação de um cenário global complexo e interdependente. Tal complexidade resulta em desafios e riscos globais que não respeitam fronteiras geopolíticas e econômicas, impactando sem precedentes, todo o planeta. Entre os inúmeros obstáculos enfrentados pela humanidade, destaca-se a busca pela segurança alimentar. Neste estudo, defendo a ideia de que três pilares devam ser colocados como prioridade nas agendas regionais e internacionais para que se possa diminuir a insegurança alimentar. Estes três pilares concentram-se no incentivo à agricultura familiar; na boa governança; e no desenvolvimento tecnológico. Ao final deste estudo, concluiu-se que será necessária uma melhor gestão por parte dos tomadores de decisão e do poder público, garantindo que, através de políticas públicas, da conscientização dos stakeholders envolvidos e da inovação tecnológica, permita-se a criação de uma cadeia global de fornecimento de alimentos que seja resiliente, inovadora e sustentável.Dissertação Acesso aberto Avaliação do grau de contaminação por traços metálicos das águas, sedimentos e dos camarões capturados nas lagoas do Imaruí e Mirim no Complexo Lagunar(2019) Silva, Cíntia Souza daThe Lagunar complex is formed by eight lagoons: Lagoa da Garopaba do Sul, Manteiga, Camacho, Santa Marta, Ribeirão Grande, Santo Antônio, Imaruí and Mirim. One of the main activities in these lagoons is the shrimp fishing with net of trawl net, especially in the lagoons Imaruí and Mirim. The main tributary that flows into these lagoons is the Tubarão River, which drains mining regions with long extraction areas and tailings deposits from coal beneficiation. As a consequence of the drainage, migration of heavy metals to the lagoons, where the fish (prawns, fish and crab) are captured for commercial purposes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the degree of contamination by metallic traces of water, sediments and white prawns (penaeus schimitti) captured in lagoons of Imaruí and Mirim in the Lagunar complex, as water toxicity can have important implications for the aquatic ecosystem and public health. Monthly collections were carried out in the Imaruí and Mirim lagoons, from November 2017 to May 2018, and physical-chemical analyzes and trace elements of metals in the water, sediments and shrimp captured in the two lagoons were carried out. The results showed that the waters of Imaruí and Mirim lagoons can be classified as brackish class 1. In addition, all collection points presented GOOD/EXCELLENT water quality, with mean values for IQA of 78.83 for Imaruí lagoon and 78.14 for Mirim lagoon. It was also observed values for total biochemical oxygen demand (BOD >5 mg O2/L) below 3 mg.L-1, OD above 5 mg.L-1 and no presence of substances that produce color, odor, turbidity and floating materials were observed in the two lagoons. All metals analyzed in the water had concentrations below the maximum limits allowed by the legislation. The analyzes of the essential and non-essential metals showed that the most expressive values were obtained in the sediments, later in the shells and in the muscles of the shrimp. The Tukey test showed that the distribution of the metals does not differ along the samplings, but when compared the results obtained from the water, muscles and shells of the shrimp with the results obtained for the sediments the difference is significant. In sediments and shrimp shells, higher concentrations of heavy metals were observed, independently of the lagoon, mainly aluminum and iron. The concentrations of the essential metals were significant in the muscles of the shrimp caught in the two lagoons. The mean concentrations of iron obtained for the muscles of the shrimp caught in the Imaruí lagoon were 114.91 mg.kg-1, zinc 54.64 mg.kg-1, copper 49.69 mg.kg-1 and manganese 6.99 mg.kg-1. For the Mirim lagoon the results were very similar, where for iron the average concentration was 102.64 mg.kg-1, zinc 57.70 mg.kg-1, copper 45.36 mg.kg-1 and manganese 7, 60 mg.kg-1. However, for non-essential metals, the values observed were less expressive. For Imaruí lagoon the mean concentrations obtained for cadmium were 0.19 mg.kg-1, arsenic 1.55 mg.kg-1, lead 0.89 mg.kg-1 and chromium 2.44 mg.kg-1. For the Mirim lagoon the mean concentrations observed were slightly higher for all the metals analyzed, where the average concentration for cadmium was 0.21 mg.kg-1, arsenic 2.12 mg.kg-1, lead 1.17 mg .kg-1 e chromium 4.11 mg.kg-1. Finally, for both the shrimp caught in the Imaruí lagoon and the Mirim lagoon, concentrations of metals in the muscles below the maximum limits allowed by arsenic, cadmium and mercury legislation were found, except for lead in November 2017, with concentration 1.02 mg.Kg-1 in the Imaruí lagoon and 0.52 mg.Kg-1 in the Mirim lagoon, and the limit established by the legislation is 0.50 mg.Kg-1. Key words: Water quality index, Laguna Estuarine System, heavy metals.Dissertação Acesso aberto Sustentabilidade nas instituições de ensino superior: um framework de autoavaliação progressiva para universidades comunitárias(2019) Mazon, SimoneA sustentabilidade é um termo comumente associado à questões relacionadas ao meio ambiente, no entanto, o conceito é mais amplo e diz respeito à ações que promovam o crescimento econômico e social, sem comprometer o bem estar das próximas gerações. A literatura relata inúmeras iniciativas das universidades ao redor do mundo no sentido de tornar a sustentabilidade o foco crítico no ensino, pesquisa, extensão e operações buscando maneiras inovadoras de avaliar e relatar este movimento. No Brasil, as universidades comunitárias ocupam um importante papel de descentralizar o ensino superior e tem relevância em termos de número de estudantes e de impacto econômico sobre os municípios. Neste sentido, esta dissertação teve o objetivo de apresentar a modelagem de um framework capaz de auxiliar as universidades comunitárias de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil, na autoavaliação de sua maturidade em termos de sustentabilidade. A pesquisa iniciou com a análise dos Planos de Desenvolvimento Institucionais buscando entender como a sustentabilidade está presente nos objetivos e metas deste documento. Partindo disto, foi proposto um instrumento que pudesse auxiliar na autoavaliação de diversos aspectos relacionados às dimensões do conceito de sustentabilidade: social, econômica e ambiental. A base teórica para o desenvolvimento do instrumento foi a descrição das metodologias de ferramentas de avaliação de sustentabilidade consagradas e utilizadas por universidades internacionais, juntamente com a percepção e interpretação de gestores das universidades comunitárias catarinenses. O resultado desta construção foi um framework de autoavaliação progressiva que poderá capacitar as universidades comunitárias a coletar, registrar e relatar suas ações, tornando o processo de avaliação externo mais simplificado. Espera-se com esta pesquisa que as universidades comunitárias de Santa Catarina possam iniciar um caminho que as leve a estar entre as instituições de nível superior integralmente comprometidas com a sustentabilidade.Dissertação Acesso aberto Briquetes a partir de resíduos de biomassa agrícola(2019) Costa, Susana ClaudeteBiomass such as rice husk, citrus peel and coffee grounds are among the most abundant sources for converting crops into biofuel briquettes. It is important to note that sustainable bioenergy must be highly efficient; therefore, the lower and upper calorific power of the briquettes produced from rice, orange, mandarin, lemon, coffee grounds (espresso or past) using corn starch or potato peel as binders were evaluated. For a group of specimens, glycerol, citric acid and acetic acid were included in the preparation of solid biofuels. In addition to the lower and upper calorific power of the specimens, the total moisture, ash and silica content was determined. It was also determined the compressive strength, in which all the samples had a suitable maximum resistance for briquettes of domestic use, and some compositions reached the resistance of briquettes for industrial use. For biofuel briquettes with coffee grounds the best results of mechanical strength, lower and upper calorific power were found for the specimens with past coffee. For the briquettes with citrus peels and rice husks, it is emphasized that greater mechanical resistance was obtained with the addition of citric acid, acetic acid and glycerol. Replacing the rice husks with tangerine peels resulted in a reduction in silica mass. In addition, the nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cr and Al) were quantified in the ash of specimens with bark of mandarin; these can be considered for addition to the soil as the amount of nutrients increases proportionally to the amount of mandarin peels in the biofuel. Biofuel briquettes with higher amount of mandarin peels presented higher values for upper and lower heating values (UHV and LHV), lower calorific power, which were 19.18 MJ / kg and 17.92 MJ / kg. All the specimens developed were able to replace traditional sources of heat, such as firewood (7.12 to 10.47 MJ / kg), with better energy performance.Dissertação Acesso embargado Membranas de acetato de celulose a partir da celulose obtida do pseudocaule da bananeira incorporadas a extratos do fruto de Butia catarinensis(2020) Pereira, Nathan Roberto LohnThe banana is the second most consumed fruit in the world. Banana production generates a large amount of lignocellulosic residues, such as the pseudostem and banana leaves, which are mostly discarded in the plantations themselves, characterizing means of vector proliferation. It is estimated that 220 tonnes of lignocellulosic waste are generated each year per hectare planted. Thus, a study was carried out promoting the reuse of these banana residues. The study is presented in the form of three chapters / articles, the first two review works that supported the final chapter, an experimental research. The first chapter, “Potential alternatives for the reuse of banana plant lignocellulosic waste: a systematic review”, provides, through an exhaustive literature review, alternatives for the recovery of lignocellulosic waste. Among them, the synthesis of biopolymers for packaging manufacture stood out. The second chapter, “Lignocellulosic Waste from Bananiculture: A Review of Chemical Processes for Cellulose Extraction” brings, through a systematic review, acid hydrolysis, basic hydrolysis and bleaching as the main methods for extracting cellulose from lignocellulosic waste. The final chapter, “Cellulose acetate membranes from cellulose obtained from the banana pseudostem incorporated into extracts from the fruit of Butia catarinensis”, presents the characterization of cellulose acetate membranes synthesized from the cellulose extracted from the banana pseudostem and incorporated to extracts from the fruit of Butia catarinensis. The butia fruit extracts were formed by fatty acids with potential antimicrobial action and the active membranes showed thermal, mechanical and swelling properties with significant potential for use in food packaging.Dissertação Acesso aberto Parque Estadual do Rio Vermelho - PAERVE: limites e possibilidades da participação e gestão em uma Unidade de Conservação(2020) Tavares, Jose RicardoThe Conservation Units - UC, were born in Brazil with the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) - Law No. 9,985 / 2000 - aiming to delimit territorial spaces, aiming at conserving the associated natural and / or cultural resources, guaranteeing participation civil society and government sectors in their implementation / management. When studying the Rio Vermelho State Park (PAERVE), located in the city of Florianópolis / SC, in relation to its history and management, in addition to the scientific nature of the research, one must take into account that it is of an environmental reserve of paramount importance in environmental terms, especially with regard to the water source located in its subsoil, which represents a source with an estimated 286 billion liters as a reserve. In addition, PAERVE can be the initial field of studies on political behavior and culture and results in public policies, notably the environmental one. Thus, the objective of this article is to analyze the PAERVE dynamic, in the dimensions of participation and management, in order to detect the limits and possibilities of an integrated or shared management as a way for this Conservation Unit (UC) to reach its statutory objectives. For this purpose, the research was developed in the form of a case study, classified as qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, involving semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, participation in meetings, observation, bibliographic and documentary research (mainly reading of minutes), having as the main observation that participation, representativeness and legitimacy in PAERVE are fragile and, consequently, the idea of an integrated or shared management does not exist. However, as it was found that this situation changes according to the profile of the managers, it is possible to foresee changes in trajectory as indicated by the analysis for the period from 2019 onwards, mainly with the implementation of the Management Plan of the UC.Dissertação Acesso aberto Reciclagem de policloreto de vinila em compósitos com resistência a chama para isolamento térmico(2020) Marques, Diego ValdevinoReducing raw material costs and minimizing the emission of greenhouse gases are emerging needs for industries, especially in civil construction, due to their predatory and unsustainable production chain. The research replaced part of the polyurethane matrix with polyvinyl chloride residues and added trihydrated alumina and cement to act as a flame-resistant thermal insulator in civil construction. Tests of water absorption, density, mechanical compression, flammability, thermal conductivity, thermogravimetry and scanning electron micrograph were performed to characterize the composites, and finally emission of carbon dioxide equivalent and production costs. The results point to good mechanical resistance, flammability, thermal stability and considerable thermal conductivity, in addition to reducing raw material costs by up to 51.49% and reducing carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by up to 49.24%. As a conclusion, the possibility of using the material in civil construction was identified, thus minimizing the impacts of waste disposal and CO2 equivalent emissions, including waste in a new life cycle, contributing to a less predatory and socio-environmentally-friendly industry.Dissertação Acesso embargado Análise de emissões de HCT e CO de motor a diesel usando biodiesel produzido de resíduos de óleo de fritura a partir da tecnologia de plasma não térmico(2020) Osório, Fernando da SilvaResearches for new fuel replacements petroleum diesel (petrodiesel), used in compression combustion engines, indicate biodiesel as main applicant, due his sustainability and usage possibility in energetic matrices. In this work an analysis for gases emission from a diesel compressor combustion engine (CCE) was formulate, regarding HCT emissions (%, v/v) and CO (ppm). Is applied biodiesel (B100) derivate from frying oil transesterification produced in two ways – conventional chemical catalysis and non-thermal plasma technology (PNT). By this way, three engine rotation series had emission investigated – 900, 1500 and 2500 rpm, comparing equal tests realized using biodiesel obtained for chemical transesterification catalysis of frying residual oil and conventional road diesel S-500, acquired from gas station without biodiesel adds. The blends (proportion mixes) uses as base S-500 and B100 prepared by 15 and 30 PNT minutes at 2, 12, 20 and 50% biodiesel volume with S-500. Those diesel engine application mixes of S-500 and biodiesel with 15 and 30 minutes of PNT showed reduction efficiency in HCT and CO indexes allied 62% and 80% reductions, respectively, comparing emissions taking only S-500. Frying biodiesel oil shown his emissions efficiency with low CO and HCT levels, emphasizing reductions in biodiesel from PNT technology produced.Dissertação Acesso aberto Impactos ambientais de efluentes de origem hospitalar em meio hídrico e proposta de tratamento por plasma não térmico(2020) Rambo, Adriano AndradeThe importance of hospitals and other institutional sets of health service providers is undoubtedly deserved and of utmost need in view of the diversity of possible or unknown complications as experienced with the virus of severe acute coronavirus respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the current pandemic of COVID-19. During this period we can see that many countries and regions lack progress to serve the population in a dignified and humanized way. However, care for the environment should also be taken into account and pay attention, considering that the conditions in which the environment is directly or indirectly interferes with the health of the population and the same place that treats and cures, cannot be the same that promotes diseases. In this sense, this dissertation aimed to investigate the possible environmental impacts arising from hospital waste and effluents through a current literature review of the last five years, comprising 2015 to 2019, and described in the form of an article intended for the first chapter of the dissertation. After the basic research, as a result of this, we observed in several articles the concern, mainly, in effluents and wastewater with the release, detection and quantification of antibiotics as potential causes of environmental impacts, because they interfere in the acceleration and intensify antimicrobial resistance. Thus, in order to seek a solution to eliminate antibiotics in water, for the second chapter, in article format, we aimed to investigate the degradation of the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride in water, fortified, through the use of non-thermal plasma (PNT), which is a clean, advanced and easy-to-apply technology. The results showed that the PNT is efficient in the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride, presenting reductions of 91.28%, 92.19% and 93.56% in 10, 15 and 30 min of treatment, respectively. Bacterial sensitivity tests showed that antibiotic activity was inhibited in solutions that received PNT treatment for 15 and 30 minutes. However, it is considered that there is a need to monitor wastewater and hospital effluents, because they are potential routes of contamination of water bodies and derived by antibiotics; and that there are ways to treat and improve the quality of hospital effluents; that antimicrobial resistance is an extremely serious global risk that compromises people's health and the ecosystem, and tends to get worse if measures are not primarily established by decision makers.Dissertação Acesso aberto Rhodolith density increases the bioavailability of sedimentary organic matter and meiofauna biodiversity(2020) Martins Neto, JoãoRhodolith beds increase complexity of the seabed and are hotspot of biodiversity. Despite the several crucial ecosystem services provided by the rhodoliths, they are still threatened by global change and local anthropogenic impacts. In this study, conducted on one of the largest beds of calcareous algae in the world located on the continental shelf of Espírito Santo state, eastern Brazil, we test whether higher complexity of seabed could explain spatial biodiversity patterns of marine meiofauna and Nematoda. Our results showed that the sedimentary habitat of the sites containing high density of rhodoliths presented higher concentrations of labile fraction of organic matter available to benthic consumers through remineralization. The higher retention and quality of the organic material, as showed by biopolymeric carbon and concentration of protein, supported higher diversity, abundance, and biomass of free-living nematodes supporting the study hypothesis. The results of this study showed that the loss rhodolith beds or even decrease in density of calcareous nodules by human impacts will result in a significant loss of biodiversity and, this a range of ecosystem services they provide.Dissertação Acesso aberto Análise das propriedades do óleo da borra do café utilizando a tecnologia do plasma frio como método de pré extração(2020-09-30) Costa Hermann, KeniaO café é uma das bebidas mais consumidas no mundo gerando grandes quantidades de resíduos sólidos, entre eles, a borra de café. Esses resíduos além de não apresentarem valor comercial, são descartados em aterros sanitários ou incinerados tendo efeitos negativos sobre o meio ambiente. A literatura relata que o óleo presente na borra de café contém altas concentrações de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados principalmente ácido linoléico, monoinsaturados como o ácido oléico e saturado como o ácido palmítico que apresentam excelentes propriedades emolientes, hidratantes e protegem a pele dos raios ultravioleta (UV). Neste sentido, esta dissertação teve o objetivo de apresentar a viabilidade da extração do óleo da borra de café utilizando a tecnologia do plasma não térmico (PNT) com possível aplicação em cosméticos, sendo que o plasma não térmico como método de pré-extracão de óleo da borra do café, apresentou vantagens em relação a eficiência de extração e a melhoria de propriedades do óleo com alto poder de hidratação e menor grau de toxicidade. Ressalta-se também a valorização de um resíduo como a borra de café para produção de óleo, produto com alto valor agregado quando utilizado pela indústria cosmética associado a uma tecnologia limpa e sustentável que é o PNT. A pesquisa iniciou com uma revisão bibliográfica com objetivo de apresentar as propriedades presentes na borra do café e o possível uso em cosméticos, os resultados demonstraram que através da borra do café, é possivel extrair um óleo com alto teor de ácidos graxos insaturados, dando-lhes propriedades emolientes quando incorporadas em formulações dermocosméticas, predominantemente o ácido linoleico, oléico e palmítico ácido graxo saturado. Partindo disto, foi feito um estudo experimental aplicando a tecnologia do plasma não térmico como método de pré-extração do óleo da borra do café e se comparou com um método já conhecido de pré-extraçao - ultrasom, nesse estudo foi observado que o uso da pré-extração com plasma demonstrou mais que o dobro do rendimento de extração em comparação somente com a extração Soxhlet. Além disso, aumentou o rendimento em cerca de 30% em relação ao ultrassom, e principalmente sem perder as propriedades do óleo. E para complementar a possibilidade do uso desse óleo da borra do café como cosmético foram realizados ensaios da síntese de colágeno, potencial de toxicidade e taxa de migração celular do óleo sendo que o óleo com pré extração de plasma se destacou demonstrando ser menos tóxico e com grande potencial de migração celular. Os resultados obtidos mostraram o potencial da tecnologia do plasma não térmico como método de pré-extracão de óleo da borra do café, destacando vantagens em relação a eficiência de extração e a melhoria de propriedades do óleo para o possível uso na indústria cosmética como alto poder de hidratação e menor grau de toxicidade. Destaca-se também a valorização de um resíduo - borra de café para produção de óleo, produto com alto valor agregado quando utilizado pela indústria cosmética associado a uma tecnologia limpa e sustentável que é o PNT.