Energias renováveis com ênfase em sustentabilidade

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https://repositorio.animaeducacao.com.br/handle/ANIMA/2588

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Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8

Análise da interferência da geração distribuída no mercado de comercialização de energia
(2017) Costa, Maria Amália Volpato Longo Olegário
This paper sought to meet a disruptive consumer system-distribuiton of electricity in Brazil, given its impacts on the energy market. For this a context through an analyze to the history of the electrical system in order to understand the major changes in a complex sector. Whithin this context, is was possible to envision a plausible possibility of future energy market through the presentation of new trends, especially through the use of renewable energies. So this paper show the concept and the challenges of distributed generation in the country.
Análise e desenvolvimento de estratégias para certificação LEED em edifícios existentes
(2017) D'Almeida, Ricardo Cordeiro
In this work, the basic concepts of LEED certification, its objectives and peculiarities will be demonstrated. Using a case for study as a model, all the credits related to certification and strategies for obtaining them will be discussed, in order to verify a possible score that would hypothetically certify the case for study. After demonstrating the methodology of LEED certification, strategies are presented to obtain each credit, if feasible, resulting in a final score. Based on the Rating System EB: O + M Existing Buildings, certification used in existing buildings whose topics covered in the calculation of the Scorecard are: Integrative Process, Localization and Transportation, Sustainable Land, Water Efficiency, Energy Efficiency, Materials and Resources , Quality of the Internal Environment, Innovation and Processes, Regional Credits. LEED certification is widespread throughout the world, and is increasingly present in Brazil. One factor that prevents them from having a greater acceptance in the market is their lack of flexibility, since many concepts present in certification are based on the American type of construction, which is often not adaptable to other countries, such as Brazil. Investments in sustainability elements and renewable energy are becoming more and more accessible, so I believe that the involvement of builders and offices of architecture and engineering with green construction only tends to grow, making the construction market more competitive in this adaptation and more efficient.
Desenvolvimento de container escritório autossustentável para execução de obras em locais isolados
(2017) Antoniassi, Rafael Dimon
The accelerated expansion in the construction of large enterprises has challenged the companies of the segment to reduce deadlines, to optimize resources and, consequently, to present budgets lower and lower. With regard to the reduction of the start-up period, certain companies, such as the installation of containers, to guarantee the basic infrastructure in certain construction sites, have adopted some techniques. These containers are powered by single-phase or three-phase power networks and rely on power from nearby power grids. In addition, most do not have the resources to maintain basic hygienic conditions. In order to apply the content taught in the various subjects of the course, the proposal of this monograph is to develop a sustainable container, whose operation is totally independent, that is, once installed in regions of difficult access, it offers the minimum necessary conditions for the Beginning of work, providing accommodation, lighting, thermal comfort, entertainment and communication, among others. In a sustainable way, the expected container counts on photovoltaic solar energy generation, storage of energy in batteries, generation of solar thermal energy, capture of rainwater, treatment of sewage, among other solutions that make it an environmentally correct project. The results indicate that the project will be an excellent solution to expedite the start of works in difficult to reach places, since it offers the necessary basic conditions, without the aid of external networks, and can be used throughout the construction without generating additional costs To keep it running. Another excellent feature is the ease of transport of the container, since most of the trucks and ships are prepared for the logistics of these assets.
Eficiência energética no retrofit: uma abordagem específica na economia financeira de condomínios residencias
(2017) Brüggemann, Eduardo Salich
With an economy in crisis, reducing energy costs is no longer a choice but a necessity. For residential and commercial condominiums, there is an alternative: investing in energy efficiency. What most consumers do not know, behind energy efficiency planning, there is great potential for cost savings. There is a need to identify opportunities as well as alternative alternatives to financing. And how solutions can be deployed without the need for extra charges on the condominium bill. The reduction of the consumption of electric energy is increasingly in several sectors of consumption of the Brazilian society. Public buildings, commercial and industrial enterprises already executed in the market and energy saving by equipment and systems more energy efficient. Most of the lighting systems of old electrical installations have great potential for energy savings, come equipment of obsolete technologies and with low energy efficiency. Thinking about this prism, this work proposes to raise, analyze and develop small solutions that provide a real reduction in the electric bill of residential condominiums. Because there is a lot of interest on the part of residential condominiums in reducing electricity costs, but the lack of knowledge or lack of technical technique to present projects in resources of resources with financial agencies or costing programs for energy efficiency, has created a gap of opportunities. What is what is what is what is what you want? Three sources of electricity consumption were listed in residential condominiums, for analysis of small retrofit projects proposing to reduce the electric bill. The three points of electric demand chosen were: Lifts, Electric Motors and Lighting. Since the projects of adaptation and analysis of financial feasibility are proposed only for illumination.
Geração de energia a partir de resíduos sólidos urbanos: possibilidade de receita para as cooperativas de eletricidade
(2017) Sobrinho, Eder Silveira
The present work deals with the possibility of the implementation of a Pyrolysis / Gasification plant, aiming at the conversion of Urban Solid Waste (USW) into electric energy, with the objective of supplementary revenue generation, in order to minimize the impacts that will affect the cooperatives of the loss of subsidies in the purchase of energy. The discussions and studies about Renewable Energies, also have an emphasis on Sustainability, and the purpose of this work is the economic viability, also addressing the environmental aspect, from the generation, collection and separation of USW, the pyrolysis process and its by-products obtained, gasification, the process by which we obtain the synthesis gas used to generate electricity from a 4 MW plant. The results obtained allowed to estimate the economic viability of the project, as well as to notice the potential of the generation of energy through USW.
Gestão de riscos na implantação de projetos eólicos: proposição de um modelo de análise de riscos
(2017) Santini, João Carlos Carrete
The present academic work provides a vision of a wind power project phases, with a specific approach to the feasibility of a wind power project in Brazil. Also provides a revision of the Risk Management basic knowledge and their main tools. The approach of the Risk Management of a typical wind power project was based on the risk management theory and the Author's experience when acting as Site Manager to the Medium and High Voltage Package at Delta 3 Wind Power Complex in Maranhão state. The risk management tools were applicated step by step to a typical wind power project and as a result was proposed a Management Risk Map to Wind Power Projects, available on the appendix of this academic work. Lastly the Risk Management is an extended knowledge area and, although to be part of the project management team daily routine, many times is not properly registered and monitored. Thus, the Risk Management Map to Wind Power Projects proposed on this academic work could provide an important support at the identification, evaluation, classification, treatment and control to the wind power project mainly risks.
Proposta de indicador de potencial complexidade do licenciamento ambiental como uma ferramenta de auxílio no planejamento de projetos de energias renováveis
(2017) Maiochi, Riceli Antunes
Tendo em vista a crescente demanda por energia, e mais recentemente pelas energias renováveis, nos deparamos com desafios, cada vez maiores, durante o licenciamento ambiental desses empreendimentos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor um indicador socioambiental para representação da potencial complexidade/riscos do licenciamento ambiental de projetos de energias renováveis para o estado de Santa Catarina. Assim, primeiramente realizou-se a seleção e identificação, a partir de dados de forma pública e online, de elementos ambientais e sociais que caracterizam os meios físico, socioeconômico e biótico, são eles: Sítios Geológicos e Paleobiológicos, Cavernas, Hidrografia, Uso Minerário, Terras Indígenas, Quilombolas, Assentamentos Rurais, Bens Tombados, Unidades de Conservação, Áreas Prioritárias para a Conservação da Biodiversidade, e Cobertura Vegetal. A partir dos dados realizou-se o mapeamento destes e suas ocorrências/registro no estado de Santa Catarina com tratamento e ajuste das bases cartográficas e dos dados georreferenciados. Diante destes estudos e análises obteve-se um Índice de Potencial Complexidade do Licenciamento Ambienta - IPCLA, o qual demonstrou que 23% dos municípios catarinenses apresentaram registros para 2 elementos ambientais e sociais analisados, 20% dos municípios para apenas 1 elemento, 20% dos municípios para 3 elementos e 13% dos municípios para 4 elementos. Os municípios que apresentaram ausência de complexidade/riscos para o licenciamento ambiental corresponderam a 6% (17 municípios) e apenas o município de Doutor Pedrinho apresentou o IPCLA de muito alta complexidade/riscos do licenciamento ambiental pois teve a ocorrência/manifestação de 8 dos 9 elementos ambientais e sociais analisados, apenas não apresentando ocorrência para sítios geológicos/cavernas. Não houve município com manifestação do valor máximo. O indicador proposto foi analisado juntamente com o potencial eólico para o estado de Santa Catarina e pode-se observar que na região oeste e extremo oeste catarinense, onde o potencial eólico é maior, os municípios apresentaram ausência ou baixa complexidade/riscos quanto ao licenciamento ambiental.
Refrigeração de ambientes por absorção utilizando energia solar térmica com ênfase na redução da carga do sistema elétrico nacional: uma alternativa à refrigeração por compressão mecânica de vapor
(2017) Lisboa, Bruno Koech
Sun delivers to the Earth atmosphere 1.53x1018 kWh per year, while the world energetic consumption according to DOE/EIA in 2008 was 1.48x1014 kWh. In this way, the solar energy that arrives to our planet is 10,000 times bigger than our demand. A great part of this energy comes as light and heat. Light that can be converted in electricity by photovoltaic panels by the photoelectric effect, meanwhile with low efficiency, high expenses of implantation and sensible to high temperatures. On the other hand, the solar thermal waves that reach the Earth, and are directed to the suggested system object of this research, can convert into useful energy with higher efficiency, lower cost of implantation when compared to photovoltaic panels, and with the great advantage that as higher the temperature of the collectors, bigger the energy conversion. PROCEL (2005) says that 44% of electric energy from Brazilian homes are used to bath water heating and air conditioning, transforming electricity, a noble energy, in thermal energy. Electricity, in general, is produced far from the consumer units and involves large amount of resources to deliver this energy to final consumer. This research aims to the rational use of electricity and also to reduce the needs of transmission and distribution lines. Electricity is straight associated to HDI, as the type of energy matrix adopted in a country is another indicator of development, associating cleaner and renewable matrices to developed countries, or in the way of development. The question that targeted this quest was: “Which contributions this form of energy can offer to the transformation for Brazilian energetic reality and why is that belief?” In the way that the main goal of this paper is to point evidences that the use of thermal solar energy can significantly contribute to two vectors of great environmental impacts, which are the rational use of electrical energy and to reduce the needs of building new transmission and distribution lines. However the use of solar energy to heat water is a well-known and wellaccepted technology, the use of heat to produce cold is not well-spread, besides being a technology that precedes the mechanical steam compression and wellstudied. There is no stimulus, neither from the government or society, to embrace the idea of cooling with the Sun. Perhaps just unfamiliarity with the theme. The main principle of this equipment consists in an absorber fluid and a refrigerant in a homogeneous mix, with no interaction between them, which can be separated by the action of heat, be it from the Sun or any other source of energy, in refrigerant steam and liquid absorber. As soon as the refrigerant is alone, it passes through a heat-exchanger to lose heat and condensate. As soon as the refrigerant get in the liquid state it passes through a pressure reducing valve when occurs an adiabatic expansion, reducing its temperature and allowing the formation of bubbles. Then the fluid passes through another heat exchanger, the evaporator, and the bubbles of refrigerant increase its development until the state of saturation as the refrigerant removes heat from the environment to be refrigerated. The saturated steam is then mixed with the absorber fluid that reduces its specific volume and release heat. A pump pushes the solution to the higher pressure of the system and the cycle restarts. The system can use several mixes of refrigerant/absorber according to the conditions of work and temperatures needed. The most common mixes are “ammonia + water” and “water + lithium bromide”, in both cases the first component is the refrigerant and the second, the absorber. During the development of this technology, the mix of “ammonia + water” was widely used, but it lost space to “water + lithium bromide”, because it’s safer and more environment-friendly. This research identifies a large market for this technology, in the field of air-conditioning or refrigeration, and that special attention should be given to this subject.

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