Meio ambiente e energia eólica: análise das externalidades positivas e negativas socioambientais
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Data
2018
Tipo de documento
Dissertação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Santos, Pollianna Fernandes da Silva
Orientador
Lourenço, Daniel Braga
Coorientador
Resumo
A produção de energia eólica no Brasil vem alterando consideravelmente a matriz energética do país. Gerada a partir de recurso natural inesgotável, tem sido berço de grandes investimentos pautados na perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável e na garantia de um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, conforme preconiza o art. 225, caput, da Constituição Federal de 1988. O advento das energias renováveis se consolida como alternativa viável à substituição dos combustíveis fósseis na produção de energia, maneira pela qual se torna cada vez mais aliada às tendências econômicas e tecnológicas. Ainda assim, um fator de grande importância precisa ser analisado a partir da produção de energia por fonte eólica, tal fator consiste na verificação dos aspectos socioambientais positivos e negativos provenientes dessa atividade. Diante das contingências descritas, objetiva-se conhecer o processo de implantação de parques eólicos no Estado da Bahia e sua relação com as externalidades provenientes deste tipo de empreendimento no que se refere, principalmente, aos aspectos socioambientais envolvidos. Para isso, faz-se necessário conhecer as estruturas dogmáticas que regulam empreendimentos eólicos no país, bem como identificar os princípios ambientais norteadores que não podem deixar de ser respeitados, além de compreender a relação das externalidades em face do estudo da justiça ambiental. O método utilizado no presente trabalho é o hipotético-dedutivo, e o estudo se dá por meio de revisão bibliográfica, além da técnica do estudo de caso para responder ao problema contido na seguinte indagação: a implantação de mecanismos geradores de energia eólica tem garantido o que está apregoado pela Constituição Federal, especialmente, pelo Direito Ambiental em termos de efetiva proteção do meio ambiente e geração de bem-estar social? A hipótese apresentada dirige-se para o reconhecimento da viabilidade da diversificação da matriz energética do país, sem desconsiderar, sobretudo, os efeitos negativos que por ora são e/ou podem ser considerados como danos socioambientais de difícil reparação. O trabalho será desenvolvido a partir da apresentação do marco regulatório do setor como meio de possibilitar a compreensão e o dimensionamento das externalidades geradas.
The production of wind energy in Brazil has considerably altered the energy matrix of the country. Generated from an inexhaustible natural resource, it has been the cradle of large investments based on the perspective of sustainable development and the guarantee of an ecologically balanced, environment as recommended in the article 225, caput, of the Federal Constitution of 1988. The advent of renewable energy is consolidated as a viable alternative to the replacement of fossil fuels in energy production, in a way that economic and technological trends are becoming increasingly allied. Nevertheless, a factor of great importance needs to be analyzed from the production of energy by wind source, this factor consists of the verification of the positive and negative socio-environmental aspects of this activity. Considering the described contingencies, the objective of this research is to know the process of deployment of wind farms in the State of Bahia and its relation with the externalities arising from this type of enterprise, concerning mainly the socio-environmental aspects involved. In order to accomplish this objective, it is necessary to know the dogmatic structures that regulate the wind farms in the country, as well as to identify the guiding environmental principles that must be respected, besides understanding the relation of externalities in the face of the study of the environmental justice. The hypothetico-deductive method is used in this investigation, and this study is carried out through a bibliographic review, in addition to the case study technique to answer the problem embedded in the following question: the deployment of mechanisms that generate wind energy has guaranteed what is proclaimed by the Federal Constitution, especially, by the Environmental Law in terms of effective protection to the environment andof construction of social welfare? The hypothesis presented is aimed at recognizing the viability of the diversification of the country's energy matrix, without neglecting, above all, the negative effects that are or can be considered as socio-environmental damages not easy to be repaired. The research will be developed from the introduction of the regulatory framework of the sector as a means to enable the understanding and the dimensioning of the generated externalities.
The production of wind energy in Brazil has considerably altered the energy matrix of the country. Generated from an inexhaustible natural resource, it has been the cradle of large investments based on the perspective of sustainable development and the guarantee of an ecologically balanced, environment as recommended in the article 225, caput, of the Federal Constitution of 1988. The advent of renewable energy is consolidated as a viable alternative to the replacement of fossil fuels in energy production, in a way that economic and technological trends are becoming increasingly allied. Nevertheless, a factor of great importance needs to be analyzed from the production of energy by wind source, this factor consists of the verification of the positive and negative socio-environmental aspects of this activity. Considering the described contingencies, the objective of this research is to know the process of deployment of wind farms in the State of Bahia and its relation with the externalities arising from this type of enterprise, concerning mainly the socio-environmental aspects involved. In order to accomplish this objective, it is necessary to know the dogmatic structures that regulate the wind farms in the country, as well as to identify the guiding environmental principles that must be respected, besides understanding the relation of externalities in the face of the study of the environmental justice. The hypothetico-deductive method is used in this investigation, and this study is carried out through a bibliographic review, in addition to the case study technique to answer the problem embedded in the following question: the deployment of mechanisms that generate wind energy has guaranteed what is proclaimed by the Federal Constitution, especially, by the Environmental Law in terms of effective protection to the environment andof construction of social welfare? The hypothesis presented is aimed at recognizing the viability of the diversification of the country's energy matrix, without neglecting, above all, the negative effects that are or can be considered as socio-environmental damages not easy to be repaired. The research will be developed from the introduction of the regulatory framework of the sector as a means to enable the understanding and the dimensioning of the generated externalities.
Palavras-chave
Energia eólica, Externalidades socioambientais, Desenvolvimento sustentável, Justiça ambiental, Meio ambiente