Um olhar sobre a aplicação da proporcionalidade pelo Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais
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Data
2022
Tipo de documento
Dissertação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Vieira, Taise Daiana Lopes Lessa
Orientador
Pedron, Flávio Barbosa Quinaud
Coorientador
Resumo
As reflexões trazidas nesta pesquisa tiveram por objetivo analisar, por meio do estudo empírico de decisões judiciais selecionadas do Órgão Especial do Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais, o marco teórico utilizado pelo TJMG para compreender, intepretar e aplicar princípios diante de casos concretos. É possível verificar decisões judiciais conflitantes entre si, no que se refere a aplicação de princípios, denotando que o TJMG não tem uma compreensão madura acerca de princípio como norma de Direito Fundamental. Ademais, verifica-se ainda decisões discricionárias, o que tornam o Direito antidemocrático, uma vez que o subjetivismo do julgador ganha protagonismo em face da busca de uma decisão democrática baseada em Direito Fundamental. Para tanto, recorre-se a uma revisão bibliográfica que trata da aplicação de princípios, de tradições do Direito e de transformação do conceito de princípio de acordo com os paradigmas existentes. Nesse sentido, imperioso o estudo acerca das obras de Robert Alexy, com o desiderato de compreender a sua concepção de regra e princípios, entender em que momento os princípios entram em colisão, bem como a análise da regra da proporcionalidade apresentada pelo autor como solução de problemas jurídicos e de como essa regra ganhou adeptos no Brasil, além das críticas recebidas. Outro marco teórico utilizado nesta pesquisa são as obras de Ronald Dworkin, com a finalidade de compreender a sua concepção hermenêutica acerca de norma de Direito Fundamental e apresenta-la como sugestão democrática de aplicação de princípio como norma de Direito Fundamental.
The reflections brought up in this research aimed to analyze, through the empirical study of judicial decisions selected by the Special Body of the Court of Justice of Minas Gerais, the theoretical framework used by the TJMG to understand, interpret and apply principles in the face of concrete cases. It is possible to verify conflicting judicial decisions with regard to the application of principles, showing that the TJMG does not have a mature understanding of the principle as a fundamental law rule. In addition, there are still discretionary decisions, which make the Law undemocratic, since the judge's subjectivism gains prominence in the face of the search for a democratic decision based on Fundamental Law. To this end, a bibliographic review is made that deals with the application of principles, traditions of law and transformation of the concept of principle according to existing paradigms. In this sense, the study of Robert Alexy's works is imperative, with the aim of understanding his conception of rule and principles, understanding when the principles collide, as well as the analysis of the proportionality rule presented by the author as a solution of legal problems and how this rule gained adherents in Brazil, in addition to the criticisms received. Another theoretical framework used in this research are the works of Ronald Dworkin, with the purpose of understanding his hermeneutic conception about a fundamental law rule and presenting it as a democratic suggestion of applying the principle as a fundamental law rule.
The reflections brought up in this research aimed to analyze, through the empirical study of judicial decisions selected by the Special Body of the Court of Justice of Minas Gerais, the theoretical framework used by the TJMG to understand, interpret and apply principles in the face of concrete cases. It is possible to verify conflicting judicial decisions with regard to the application of principles, showing that the TJMG does not have a mature understanding of the principle as a fundamental law rule. In addition, there are still discretionary decisions, which make the Law undemocratic, since the judge's subjectivism gains prominence in the face of the search for a democratic decision based on Fundamental Law. To this end, a bibliographic review is made that deals with the application of principles, traditions of law and transformation of the concept of principle according to existing paradigms. In this sense, the study of Robert Alexy's works is imperative, with the aim of understanding his conception of rule and principles, understanding when the principles collide, as well as the analysis of the proportionality rule presented by the author as a solution of legal problems and how this rule gained adherents in Brazil, in addition to the criticisms received. Another theoretical framework used in this research are the works of Ronald Dworkin, with the purpose of understanding his hermeneutic conception about a fundamental law rule and presenting it as a democratic suggestion of applying the principle as a fundamental law rule.
Palavras-chave
Proporcionalidade, Princípio, Direito Fundamental, Robert Alexy, Ronald Dworkin