Potenciais vias de sinalização do eixo PD-1/PD-L1 no microambiente tumoral do câncer de mama triplo-negativo
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Data
2022-12
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso fechado
Editora
Autores
Souza, Bárbara Pascale Costa de
Orientador
Carreira, Ana Claudia Oliveira
Coorientador
Almeida, Rafael Ribeiro
Resumo
Dentre os diferentes subtipos moleculares do câncer de mama, o triplo-negativo (TNBC) é considerado o mais agressivo e de pior prognóstico, mais imunogênico e com maiores taxas de recorrência e mortalidade, quando comparado a outros tipos de câncer de mama. A busca por marcadores tem sido frequente para o diagnóstico e prognóstico do câncer de mama pelo fato de não possuir uma terapia alvo específica que possa ser utilizada para tratar essa neoplasia. No câncer de mama, a interação entre as células cancerosas e seu microambiente desempenha papéis importantes na proliferação tumoral, propagação e resposta a terapias. A importância do microambiente tumoral (TME) tem sido cada vez mais reconhecida, e sua avaliação e estudo se tornou um componente crítico do tratamento do câncer de mama. Isso porque estudos recentes mostraram que as células tumorais modificam a imunidade do hospedeiro de várias maneiras para escapar das defesas imunológicas no microambiente tumoral. No entanto, na área do câncer de mama triplo negativo, existe uma lacuna. O eixo PD-1/PD-L1, responsável por alterar o estado de vigilância imunológica, tem sido um alvo promissor na oncologia e vários estudos têm sido relatados para diversos tipos de cânceres, incluindo o câncer de mama. Assim, a presente revisão tem como objetivo discutir a correlação das vias de sinalização do eixo PD-1/PD-L1 no microambiente tumoral do câncer de mama triplo-negativo, bem como a regulação desses inibidores de ponto de controle imunológico. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca em banco de dados nos últimos dez anos, entre eles PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar e Elsevier. Além disso, foi realizada uma busca na plataforma STRING, utilizando “PD-1” e “PD-L1” como palavra-chave. Desta forma, acreditamos que os achados da literatura aqui apresentados podem contribuir com o entendimento e desenvolvimento de novos protocolos clínicos para tratamento de tumor de mama em pacientes oncológicos.
Among the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, triple-negative (TNBC) is considered the most immunogenic and has the worst prognosis, with higher rates of recurrence and mortality when compared to other types of breast cancer. The search for markers has been frequent for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer because it does not have a specific target therapy that can be used to treat this neoplasm. In breast cancer, the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment plays important roles in tumor proliferation, spread and response to therapies. As the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is now increasingly recognized, its evaluation and study has become a critical component of breast cancer treatment. This is because recent studies have shown that tumor cells modify host immunity in several ways to evade immune defenses in the tumor microenvironment. However, in the area of triple negative breast cancer there is a gap. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis, responsible for altering the immune surveillance state, has been a promising target in oncology and in the literature in which several studies have been reported for different types of cancers, including breast cancer. Thus, the present review aims to discuss the correlation of PD-1/PD-L1 axis signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer, as well as the regulation of these immune checkpoint inhibitors. For this, a database search was carried out in the last ten years, including PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar and Elsevier. In addition, a search was performed on the STRING platform, using “PD-1” and “PD-L1” as keywords. Thus, we believe that the literature findings presented here can contribute to the understanding and development of new clinical protocols for the treatment of breast tumors in cancer patients.
Among the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, triple-negative (TNBC) is considered the most immunogenic and has the worst prognosis, with higher rates of recurrence and mortality when compared to other types of breast cancer. The search for markers has been frequent for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer because it does not have a specific target therapy that can be used to treat this neoplasm. In breast cancer, the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment plays important roles in tumor proliferation, spread and response to therapies. As the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is now increasingly recognized, its evaluation and study has become a critical component of breast cancer treatment. This is because recent studies have shown that tumor cells modify host immunity in several ways to evade immune defenses in the tumor microenvironment. However, in the area of triple negative breast cancer there is a gap. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis, responsible for altering the immune surveillance state, has been a promising target in oncology and in the literature in which several studies have been reported for different types of cancers, including breast cancer. Thus, the present review aims to discuss the correlation of PD-1/PD-L1 axis signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer, as well as the regulation of these immune checkpoint inhibitors. For this, a database search was carried out in the last ten years, including PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar and Elsevier. In addition, a search was performed on the STRING platform, using “PD-1” and “PD-L1” as keywords. Thus, we believe that the literature findings presented here can contribute to the understanding and development of new clinical protocols for the treatment of breast tumors in cancer patients.
Palavras-chave
Vias de sinalização, PD-1, PD-L1, Câncer de mama triplo-negativo, Microambiente tumoral