A disputa por recursos energéticos entre EUA e Rússia no Cáucaso do Sul: implicações para região
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Data
2022-12-12
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências Humanas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Almeida, Aurélio Granja Simões de
Orientador
Miranda, Rafael dos Santos
Coorientador
Resumo
O objetivo principal deste trabalho é compreender o papel que o petróleo e o gás natural ocupam nas disputas geopolíticas entre Rússia e Estados Unidos na região do Cáucaso do Sul que influenciam a região. Esta se destaca no contexto internacional, pelas reservas de hidrocarbonetos, e por ser a melhor rota para o ocidente dos oleodutos, petróleo, e gasodutos, gás, que é extraído do Mar Cáspio e da Ásia Central, contornando o Irã e a Rússia. O Cáucaso do Sul pertencia à União Soviética até o seu colapso em 1991, é uma região recém-independente, que logo se viu mergulhada em disputas territoriais, intra e extra estatais. Não somente isso ocorre devido à disputa entre a Rússia que entende como sendo sua área de influência, o exterior próximo, e os EUA que passaram a atuar na região, através do estabelecimento de acordos econômicos e de bases militares. Diante desta competição entre os grandes atores internacionais é que buscamos compreender as estratégias desses atores na região para alcançarem os seus interesses geopolíticos. A nossa pergunta de pesquisa é: Em que medida as disputas por recursos energéticos, petróleo e gás, pelas potências EUA e Rússia influenciam na região do Cáucaso do sul? A nossa hipótese principal desse trabalho é A disputa por hidrocarbonetos estabelece com que as potências EUA e Rússia adotem Estratégias no Cáucaso do Sul, que influenciam na instabilidade da região para garantirem seus interesses. Esta pesquisa conclui que os EUA interferem na região do Cáucaso do Sul por intermédio de operações militares, ações política e econômica, estrategicamente, o objetivo é poder conter a projeção de poder russo, quebrando seu domínio logístico, ao mesmo tempo em que visa se inserir na região para influenciar e dificultar o acesso aos recursos energéticos para a China, e para a Rússia busca recuperar sua proeminência global se utilizado de seus vastos recursos energéticos para barganhar, chantagear e subjugar os países próximos com a finalidade de mantê-los em sua órbita de influência, contudo tal corrente de pensamento tem sido afetada pela expansão da OTAN para o leste e pela busca dos EUA de limitar ou dificultar o poder russo. Portanto os russos cortam o fluxo dos dutos para esses países, por pressão diplomática em cima desses países e até intervenções com o caso da Geórgia em 2008.
The main objective of this work is to understand the role that oil and natural gas play in the geopolitical disputes between Russia and the United States in the South Caucasus region that influence the region. This stands out in the international context, for its hydrocarbon reserves, and for being the best route to the west for oil pipelines, oil and gas pipelines, gas, which is extracted from the Caspian Sea and Central Asia, bypassing Iran and Russia. The South Caucasus belonged to the Soviet Union until its collapse in 1991, it is a newly independent region, which soon found itself plunged into territorial disputes, intra and extra state. Not only is this due to the dispute between Russia, which understands its area of influence to be close abroad, and the US, which began to operate in the region, through the establishment of economic agreements and military bases. Faced with this competition between major international actors, we seek to understand the strategies of these actors in the region to achieve their geopolitical interests. Our research question is: To what extent do disputes over energy resources, oil and gas, by the US and Russian powers influence the southern Caucasus region? Our main hypothesis of this work is The dispute for hydrocarbons establishes that the powers USA and Russia adopt Strategies in the South Caucasus, which influence the instability of the region to guarantee their interests. This research concludes that the US interferes in the South Caucasus region through military operations, political and economic actions, strategically, the objective is to be able to contain the projection of Russian power, breaking its logistical domain, at the same time that it aims to insert itself in the region to influence and hinder access to energy resources for China, and Russia seeks to regain its global prominence by using its vast energy resources to bargain, blackmail and subdue nearby countries in order to keep them in its orbit of influence, yet that current of thought has been affected by NATO's eastward expansion and the US quest to limit or hamper Russian power. Therefore, the Russians cut the flow of pipelines to these countries, due to diplomatic pressure on these countries and even interventions with the case of Georgia in 2008.
The main objective of this work is to understand the role that oil and natural gas play in the geopolitical disputes between Russia and the United States in the South Caucasus region that influence the region. This stands out in the international context, for its hydrocarbon reserves, and for being the best route to the west for oil pipelines, oil and gas pipelines, gas, which is extracted from the Caspian Sea and Central Asia, bypassing Iran and Russia. The South Caucasus belonged to the Soviet Union until its collapse in 1991, it is a newly independent region, which soon found itself plunged into territorial disputes, intra and extra state. Not only is this due to the dispute between Russia, which understands its area of influence to be close abroad, and the US, which began to operate in the region, through the establishment of economic agreements and military bases. Faced with this competition between major international actors, we seek to understand the strategies of these actors in the region to achieve their geopolitical interests. Our research question is: To what extent do disputes over energy resources, oil and gas, by the US and Russian powers influence the southern Caucasus region? Our main hypothesis of this work is The dispute for hydrocarbons establishes that the powers USA and Russia adopt Strategies in the South Caucasus, which influence the instability of the region to guarantee their interests. This research concludes that the US interferes in the South Caucasus region through military operations, political and economic actions, strategically, the objective is to be able to contain the projection of Russian power, breaking its logistical domain, at the same time that it aims to insert itself in the region to influence and hinder access to energy resources for China, and Russia seeks to regain its global prominence by using its vast energy resources to bargain, blackmail and subdue nearby countries in order to keep them in its orbit of influence, yet that current of thought has been affected by NATO's eastward expansion and the US quest to limit or hamper Russian power. Therefore, the Russians cut the flow of pipelines to these countries, due to diplomatic pressure on these countries and even interventions with the case of Georgia in 2008.
Palavras-chave
Geopolítica, Guerra por recursos, Região do Cáucaso do Sul, Disputa na Eurásia, EUA, Rússia