Manutenção aeronáutica na prevenção de falhas e acidentes – análise de relatórios e estatísticas
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Data
2022-12-19
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Engenharias
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Cardoso, Vitor Antonio Dias de Aguiar
Orientador
Mveh, Jean de Dieu Briand Minsongui
Coorientador
Resumo
Em um cenário com tantos receios, é importante validar a segurança no que diz respeito a aviação, afinal, os diversos acidentes ocorridos ao longo das últimas décadas, acabaram deixando um ponto de interrogação quanto a suas causas. Com isso, o presente trabalho busca esclarecer as principais causas destes acidentes aéreos, para entender os pontos críticos, levando em consideração seus aspectos históricos, conceitos mecânicos e dados atuais. Portanto, estatísticas foram consultadas, oriundas de órgãos fiscalizadores, para identificar suas origens, modelos de aeronaves envolvidas, regiões nacionais afetadas, e algumas particularidades envolvendo suas causas. Além disso, relatórios práticos de acidentes foram usados como objeto de estudo, divulgados pelo CENIPA (Centro de Investigação e Prevenção de Acidentes Aeronáuticos), para observar melhor a influência de aspectos como a manutenção, em relação a distribuição de ocorrências ao longo dos últimos anos. Cada análise busca relacionar a causa com o efeito, servindo como objeto de mitigação de eventos futuros, utilizando ferramentas de detecção de falhas, como o diagrama de espinha de peixe e o failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), para buscar os pontos críticos e estipular ações e melhorias no sistema atual. A metodologia constatou uma predominância de 46,05% de acidentes na aviação particular, e logo na sequência, a aviação agrícola surge com 20,39%, além disso, a manutenção teve impacto em 170 acidentes ao longo dos últimos 10 anos, ocasionando 121 fatalidades. Ao término deste estudo, a fiscalização prévia e a revisão periódica destas aeronaves, surgem como fatores a serem melhorados, verificados através dos métodos citados, onde os fatores humanos possuem impacto direto nas ocorrências observadas, necessitando de ações específicas, visando uma maior segurança no setor aéreo, onde diversos acidentes poderiam ser evitados, principalmente em setores rurais, onde as práticas padrões não são efetuadas.
In a scenario with so many fears, it is important to validate the safety regarding aviation, after all, the several accidents that occurred over the last decades, ended up leaving a question mark as to their causes. With this, the present work seeks to clarify the main causes of these air accidents, to understand the critical points, taking into account their historical aspects, mechanical concepts, and current data. Therefore, statistics were consulted, coming from inspection agencies, to identify their origins, models of aircraft involved, national regions affected, and some particularities involving their causes. Besides that, practical accident reports were used as study object, published by CENIPA, to better observe the influence of aspects such as maintenance, regarding the distribution of occurrences over the last years. Each analysis seeks to relate cause with effect, serving as a mitigation object for future events, using failure detection tools, such as the fishbone diagram and the FMEA, to search for critical points and stipulate actions and improvements in the current system. The methodology found a predominance of 46.05% of accidents in private aviation, and soon after, agricultural aviation appears with 20.39%, in addition, maintenance had an impact in 170 accidents over the past 10 years, causing 121 fatalities. At the end of this study, prior inspection and periodic review of these aircraft, emerge as factors to be improved, verified through the methods mentioned, where human factors have direct impact on the observed occurrences, requiring specific actions, aiming for greater safety in the aviation sector, where several accidents could be avoided, especially in rural sectors, where standard practices are not performed.
In a scenario with so many fears, it is important to validate the safety regarding aviation, after all, the several accidents that occurred over the last decades, ended up leaving a question mark as to their causes. With this, the present work seeks to clarify the main causes of these air accidents, to understand the critical points, taking into account their historical aspects, mechanical concepts, and current data. Therefore, statistics were consulted, coming from inspection agencies, to identify their origins, models of aircraft involved, national regions affected, and some particularities involving their causes. Besides that, practical accident reports were used as study object, published by CENIPA, to better observe the influence of aspects such as maintenance, regarding the distribution of occurrences over the last years. Each analysis seeks to relate cause with effect, serving as a mitigation object for future events, using failure detection tools, such as the fishbone diagram and the FMEA, to search for critical points and stipulate actions and improvements in the current system. The methodology found a predominance of 46.05% of accidents in private aviation, and soon after, agricultural aviation appears with 20.39%, in addition, maintenance had an impact in 170 accidents over the past 10 years, causing 121 fatalities. At the end of this study, prior inspection and periodic review of these aircraft, emerge as factors to be improved, verified through the methods mentioned, where human factors have direct impact on the observed occurrences, requiring specific actions, aiming for greater safety in the aviation sector, where several accidents could be avoided, especially in rural sectors, where standard practices are not performed.
Palavras-chave
Aviação, Ocorrências, Investigação, Manutenção, Segurança