Método Canguru em meio à pandemia de COVID-19: revisão integrativa
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Data
2023-12
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso fechado
Editora
Autores
SPIRANDELLI , Adriane Mascarelli
ANDRADE, Beatriz Aparecida
NEGOCIA, Eduarda Mendes
Orientador
MAGALDI, Fernanda Milani
Coorientador
Resumo
A doença designada Covid-19 causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, que faz parte da família dos coronavírus, foi identificada pela primeira vez em Wuhan, China, em dezembro de 2019. Em consequência do quadro clínico apresentado pelo vírus, surgiu uma nova ameaça à saúde das mulheres grávidas e seus bebês. Quando se trata de um recém-nascido prematuro infectado pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, há uma preocupação ampliada devido à fragilidade do seu sistema imunológico, que ainda está em desenvolvimento. Isso torna necessário um cuidado prioritário, uma vez que a criança pode ser mais suscetível a formas graves da doença e, consequentemente, pode exigir uma assistência intensiva do sistema de saúde O Método Canguru (MC) é um modelo de assistência em saúde que se destaca por ser de fácil acesso e ter custos reduzidos. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas sobre o método canguru em meio à pandemia de Covid-19. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. A pergunta norteadora foi: Quais são as evidências científicas sobre a aplicação do Método Mãe Canguru durante a pandemia do COVID19? A busca foi realizada em outubro de 2023, utilizando os descritores controlados Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) – Método Canguru; Kangaroo-Mother Care Method; COVID19. Resultados: Após leitura na íntegra, a amostra desta RI foi constituída por doze estudos primários, publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, sobre o ano de publicação, cinco estudos publicados em 2020, um estudo publicado em 2021, três estudos publicados em 2022 e três artigos publicados em 2023. Considerações finais: Diante dos artigos selecionados, a análise abrangente dos estudos revela a complexidade das dinâmicas envolvendo o Método Mãe Canguru (MMC) durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Alguns estudos destacam os benefícios contínuos do MMC, como a redução da morbidade e mortalidade infantil, estímulo ao aleitamento materno e promoção do desenvolvimento saudável, outros salientam os desafios enfrentados em meio ao contexto pandêmico, visto diminuição da prática do método em algumas unidades neonatais. O cenário de pandemia impôs restrições significativas, impactando o acesso irrestrito dos pais, afetando desta forma na amamentação e o vínculo entre pais e filhos. A apreensão com a transmissibilidade do vírus levou a diversas mudanças nas políticas hospitalares, a vista disso limitando o contato pele a pele e restringindo a participação ativa dos pais nas unidades neonatais. Nessa circunstância, é inequívoca a necessidade de equilibrar os benefícios do MMC com as precauções necessárias para prevenir a propagação do vírus do Covid-19. A implementação de planejamentos flexíveis e adaptáveis nas políticas de saúde neonatal é imprescindível a fim de garantir o bem-estar dos recém-nascidos prematuros e de suas famílias, em particular em tempos de crise. Ademais, o destaque na comunicação efetiva entre profissionais de saúde e familiares, de modo contínuo com a promoção de práticas que minimizem os efeitos adversos da pandemia. Em última análise, os estudos avaliados salientam a importância de políticas de saúde pública que considerem as indispensabilidades específicas dos recém-nascidos prematuros e de suas famílias em tempos de crise. A adaptabilidade dos profissionais de saúde em fornecer cuidados críticos, a despeito de condições adversas, destaca a importância de estratégias de saúde eficazes que sustentem a continuidade do MMC, equilibrando os benefícios conhecidos com as medidas necessárias para enfrentar os desafios apresentados por uma pandemia sem precedentes.
The disease called Covid-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is part of the coronavirus family, was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As a result of the clinical picture presented by the virus, a new threat to the health of pregnant women and their babies. When it comes to a premature newborn infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, there is increased concern due to the fragility of their immune system, which is still developing. This makes priority care necessary, since the child may be more susceptible to severe forms of the disease and, consequently, may require intensive assistance from the health system. The Kangaroo Method (MC) is a health care model that stands out as it is easily accessible and has low costs. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on the kangaroo method amid the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: This is an integrative review. The guiding question was: What is the scientific evidence on the application of the Kangaroo Mother Care during the COVID19 pandemic? The search was carried out in October 2023, using the controlled descriptors Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) – Kangaroo Method; Kangaroo-Mother Care Method; COVID-19. Results: After reading in full, the sample of this IR consisted of twelve primary studies, published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, regarding the year of publication, five studies published in 2020, one study published in 2021, three studies published in 2022 and three articles published in 2023. Final considerations: Given the selected articles, the comprehensive analysis of the studies reveals the complexity of the dynamics involving the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Some studies highlight the continuous benefits of MMC, such as reducing infant morbidity and mortality, encouraging breastfeeding, and promoting healthy development, others highlight the challenges faced in the pandemic context, seeing a reduction in the practice of the method in some neonatal units. The pandemic scenario imposed significant restrictions, impacting parents' unrestricted access, thus affecting breastfeeding and the bond between parents and children. Concern about the transmissibility of the virus has led to several changes in hospital policies, limiting skin-to-skin contact and restricting the active participation of parents in neonatal units. In this circumstance, the need to balance the benefits of MMC with the precautions necessary to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus is clear. The implementation of flexible and adaptable planning in neonatal health policies is essential to guarantee the well-being of premature newborns and their families, particularly in times of crisis. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on effective communication between health professionals and family members, continually promoting practices that minimize the adverse effects of the pandemic. Ultimately, the studies evaluated highlight the importance of public health policies that consider the specific needs of premature newborns and their families in times of crisis. The adaptability of healthcare professionals in providing critical care despite adverse conditions highlights the importance of effective healthcare strategies that sustain the continuity of MMC, balancing known benefits with the measures needed to address the challenges presented by an unprecedented pandemic.
The disease called Covid-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is part of the coronavirus family, was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As a result of the clinical picture presented by the virus, a new threat to the health of pregnant women and their babies. When it comes to a premature newborn infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, there is increased concern due to the fragility of their immune system, which is still developing. This makes priority care necessary, since the child may be more susceptible to severe forms of the disease and, consequently, may require intensive assistance from the health system. The Kangaroo Method (MC) is a health care model that stands out as it is easily accessible and has low costs. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on the kangaroo method amid the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: This is an integrative review. The guiding question was: What is the scientific evidence on the application of the Kangaroo Mother Care during the COVID19 pandemic? The search was carried out in October 2023, using the controlled descriptors Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) – Kangaroo Method; Kangaroo-Mother Care Method; COVID-19. Results: After reading in full, the sample of this IR consisted of twelve primary studies, published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, regarding the year of publication, five studies published in 2020, one study published in 2021, three studies published in 2022 and three articles published in 2023. Final considerations: Given the selected articles, the comprehensive analysis of the studies reveals the complexity of the dynamics involving the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Some studies highlight the continuous benefits of MMC, such as reducing infant morbidity and mortality, encouraging breastfeeding, and promoting healthy development, others highlight the challenges faced in the pandemic context, seeing a reduction in the practice of the method in some neonatal units. The pandemic scenario imposed significant restrictions, impacting parents' unrestricted access, thus affecting breastfeeding and the bond between parents and children. Concern about the transmissibility of the virus has led to several changes in hospital policies, limiting skin-to-skin contact and restricting the active participation of parents in neonatal units. In this circumstance, the need to balance the benefits of MMC with the precautions necessary to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus is clear. The implementation of flexible and adaptable planning in neonatal health policies is essential to guarantee the well-being of premature newborns and their families, particularly in times of crisis. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on effective communication between health professionals and family members, continually promoting practices that minimize the adverse effects of the pandemic. Ultimately, the studies evaluated highlight the importance of public health policies that consider the specific needs of premature newborns and their families in times of crisis. The adaptability of healthcare professionals in providing critical care despite adverse conditions highlights the importance of effective healthcare strategies that sustain the continuity of MMC, balancing known benefits with the measures needed to address the challenges presented by an unprecedented pandemic.
Palavras-chave
Método Canguru, Enfermagem, Covid-19