Filmes hidrossoluveis de amido e glicerina residual para embalagem de sabão em barra
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Arquivos
Data
2014
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Engenharias
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Pires, Isadora Martins
Orientador
Moecke, Elisa Helena Siegel
Coorientador
Resumo
A adoção de programas de coleta seletiva e reciclagem assim como a produção de materiais biodegradáveis a partir de fontes renováveis são consideradas alternativas para a diminuição dos impactos causados pelo excesso de lixo gerado no planeta. A aplicação do amido na confecção de biofilmes (filme biodegradável) tem como base o aproveitamento das propriedades químicas, físicas e funcionais da amilose, um dos polímeros presentes na sua composição. O amido geralmente produz compósitos quebradiços porque não é um material verdadeiramente termoplástico. Portanto, faz-se necessário plastificar o amido com substâncias de propriedades adequadas, dentre as quais se destaca o glicerol. Na busca por novas fontes de energia e processos sustentáveis tem-se como uma alternativa renovável e ambientalmente segura de minimizar o impacto causado pelos combustíveis fósseis a utilização de combustíveis de queima limpa, isto tem estimulado a produção do biodiesel, e consequentemente a geração de subprodutos na sua produção, como a glicerina bruta. Com o objetivo de reduzir futuros problemas ambientais causados pelo acumulo de glicerina, a implementação de estratégias que a utilizem para obtenção de produtos biodegradáveis conduz a uma alternativa para as embalagens tradicionais, possibilitando a diminuição de futuros problemas ambientais causados pelos derivados do petróleo e pela acumulação de glicerina. Este trabalho consistiu em desenvolver filmes compostos à base de biopolímeros (amido de mandioca, amido de milho e amido de batata) e glicerina bruta. O processo adotado para a obtenção dos filmes foi o de casting (desidratação de uma solução filmogênica sobre placas de Petri). O trabalho permitiu observar que ao aplicar os diferentes amidos a uma mesma condição de produção dos filmes, estes se comportam de maneira diferente. Para as condições propostas, o amido de mandioca foi o que obteve o melhor resultado. O teste de resistência (tração-deformação) demonstrou que os filmes de amido de mandioca apresentaram característica elástica frágil e os filmes de amido de batata materiais plásticos. Todos os filmes obtidos demonstraram ser hidrossolúveis, e através da relação DQO/DBO inferior a 2,5 pode-se afirmar que são de fácil biodegradabilidade
The adoption of selective collection and recycling programs as well as the production of biodegradable materials from renewable sources are considered alternatives for mitigation of impacts caused by excess trash generated on the planet. The application of starch in the manufacture of biofilms (biodegradable film) is based on the use of chemical, physical and functional properties of amylose, one of the polymers present in the composition. Starch usually produces brittle composites because it is not a truly thermoplastic material. Therefore, it is necessary to plasticize starch with suitable properties of substances, among which stands out the glycerol. In the search for new energy sources and sustainable processes has as a renewable and environmentally safe alternative to minimize the impact caused by the use of fossil fuels to cleaner burning fuels, this has stimulated the production of biodiesel, and consequently the generation of by-products in its production, as crude glycerin. In order to reduce future environmental problems caused by the accumulation of glycerin, the implementation of strategies which use to obtain products leads to a biodegradable alternative to traditional packages, enabling a reduction of future environmental problems caused by the petroleum accumulation and glycerine. This work was to develop compounds based on biopolymers (tapioca starch, corn starch and potato starch) and crude glycerin films. The process used to obtain the films was the casting (dehydration of a filmogenic solution on Petri dishes). The study allowed to note that when applying the different starches at the same condition for the production of films, they behave differently. To the proposed conditions, the cassava starch was what got the best result. The (pull-strain) resistance test showed that cassava starch films showed weak elastic and feature films potato starch plastics. All the films were shown to be soluble, and through COD ratio below 2.5 can state that are readily biodegradable / BOD
The adoption of selective collection and recycling programs as well as the production of biodegradable materials from renewable sources are considered alternatives for mitigation of impacts caused by excess trash generated on the planet. The application of starch in the manufacture of biofilms (biodegradable film) is based on the use of chemical, physical and functional properties of amylose, one of the polymers present in the composition. Starch usually produces brittle composites because it is not a truly thermoplastic material. Therefore, it is necessary to plasticize starch with suitable properties of substances, among which stands out the glycerol. In the search for new energy sources and sustainable processes has as a renewable and environmentally safe alternative to minimize the impact caused by the use of fossil fuels to cleaner burning fuels, this has stimulated the production of biodiesel, and consequently the generation of by-products in its production, as crude glycerin. In order to reduce future environmental problems caused by the accumulation of glycerin, the implementation of strategies which use to obtain products leads to a biodegradable alternative to traditional packages, enabling a reduction of future environmental problems caused by the petroleum accumulation and glycerine. This work was to develop compounds based on biopolymers (tapioca starch, corn starch and potato starch) and crude glycerin films. The process used to obtain the films was the casting (dehydration of a filmogenic solution on Petri dishes). The study allowed to note that when applying the different starches at the same condition for the production of films, they behave differently. To the proposed conditions, the cassava starch was what got the best result. The (pull-strain) resistance test showed that cassava starch films showed weak elastic and feature films potato starch plastics. All the films were shown to be soluble, and through COD ratio below 2.5 can state that are readily biodegradable / BOD
Palavras-chave
Biodegradação, Biopolímeros, Plásticos nas embalagens