Brasil e Coréia do Sul: Um estudo comparativo do desenvolvimento econômico de 1870 a 1980
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Data
2023-06-16
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
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Área do conhecimento
Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
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Autores
Silva, Gabriel Santos da
Cubeiro, Daniel de Oliveira
Orientador
Oliveira, Alessandra Cavalcante de
Coorientador
Resumo
Este trabalho investiga as causas que levaram à distinção de desenvolvimento e crescimento econômico entre Brasil e Coréia do Sul ao longo do século XX. Em sua construção, a fundamentação teórica foi baseada na análise das variáveis do modelo Robert Solow e dos pressupostos da tese Erik Reinert, como insumos para uma análise comparativa. Além do modelo matemático, o trabalho foi enriquecido com elementos históricos para a elaboração da conclusão. Para a realização da pesquisa foi definido um período de análise que parte de 1870 até 1980, uma vez que as conclusões foram fundamentadas à luz do desenvolvimento industrial dos países alvo, o período selecionado é o que melhor concentra as etapas de industrialização e sofisticação produtiva úteis para a comparação posterior. Deste modo, a pesquisa conclui que o elemento central do desenvolvimento sul coreano foi a relação ótima entre Estado e indústria e a capacitação técnica de sua população, neste trabalho abordada como elevação de capital humano, que projetou as empresas “campeãs nacionais” para o mercado internacional, com muita participação estatal visando resultados, tornando-as desde o início da década de 1960 competitivas. Por outro lado, na análise sobre o Brasil, a pesquisa conclui que a relação entre Estado e indústria não foi bem conduzida após a segunda metade do século XX, pois ao invés de projetar as empresas brasileiras para o mercado alta e média incorporação tecnológica, neste trabalho chamado de high-tech e medium-tech, o Estado brasileiro protegeu demasiadamente as empresas nacionais em setores de baixa incorporação tecnológica, como bens de consumo, a ponto destas não se tornarem competitivas. Sob essa ótica, finaliza-se o trabalho com uma visão de desenvolvimento ideal: Proteção estatal na fase inicial da indústria, incorporação de mão de obra qualificada, pressão por parte do Estado por resultados das empresas subsidiadas, escalada tecnológica ou sofisticação produtiva constante por parte das empresas e por fim exposição ao mercado internacional e ganho de competitividade.
This work investigates the causes that led to the distinction of development and economic growth between Brazil and South Korea throughout the 20th century. In its construction, the theoretical foundation was based on the analysis of the variables of the Robert Solow’s model and in the principles of the Erik Reinert thesis, as inputs for a comparative analysis. In addition to the mathematical model, the work was enriched with historical elements for the elaboration of the conclusion. For the conclusion of the research, a period of analysis was defined that starts from 1870 to 1980, since the attempts were based on the light of the industrial development of the target countries, the selected period is the one that best concentrates the stages of industrialization and industrial exploration for a later comparison. In this way, the research concludes that the central element of South Korean development was the optimal relationship between the State and industry and the technical capacitation of its population, in this work approached as an increase in human capital, which projected the “national champions” companies for international markets, with a lot of state participation aiming at results, making them competitive since the beginning of the 1960s. On the other hand, in the analysis of Brazil’s economy, the research concludes that the relationship between State and industry was not well conducted after the second half of the 20th century, because instead of projecting Brazilian companies to the high and medium technological incorporation market, in this work called high-tech and medium-tech, the Brazilian State overprotected national companies in sectors of low technological incorporation, such as consumer goods, to the point that they did not become competitive. From this perspective, the work ends with a vision of ideal development: State protection in the initial phase of the industry, incorporation of qualified labor, pressure on the part of the State for results of subsidized companies, constant technological or productive escalation on the part of the companies and finally exposure to the international market and gain in competitiveness.
This work investigates the causes that led to the distinction of development and economic growth between Brazil and South Korea throughout the 20th century. In its construction, the theoretical foundation was based on the analysis of the variables of the Robert Solow’s model and in the principles of the Erik Reinert thesis, as inputs for a comparative analysis. In addition to the mathematical model, the work was enriched with historical elements for the elaboration of the conclusion. For the conclusion of the research, a period of analysis was defined that starts from 1870 to 1980, since the attempts were based on the light of the industrial development of the target countries, the selected period is the one that best concentrates the stages of industrialization and industrial exploration for a later comparison. In this way, the research concludes that the central element of South Korean development was the optimal relationship between the State and industry and the technical capacitation of its population, in this work approached as an increase in human capital, which projected the “national champions” companies for international markets, with a lot of state participation aiming at results, making them competitive since the beginning of the 1960s. On the other hand, in the analysis of Brazil’s economy, the research concludes that the relationship between State and industry was not well conducted after the second half of the 20th century, because instead of projecting Brazilian companies to the high and medium technological incorporation market, in this work called high-tech and medium-tech, the Brazilian State overprotected national companies in sectors of low technological incorporation, such as consumer goods, to the point that they did not become competitive. From this perspective, the work ends with a vision of ideal development: State protection in the initial phase of the industry, incorporation of qualified labor, pressure on the part of the State for results of subsidized companies, constant technological or productive escalation on the part of the companies and finally exposure to the international market and gain in competitiveness.
Palavras-chave
Brasil, Coreia do Sul, Desenvolvimento econômico, Protecionismo, Crescimento econômico