Efeito das dietas vegetarianas ou veganas no desempenho de esportistas
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Data
2023-12
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
BARBOSA, Gabriel José Balthazar
FERREIRA, Guilherme Maturana
SILVA, Isabella Doria da
DALE, Pietra de Oliveira Cezimbra
Orientador
AZEVEDO, Danielle Coelho
Coorientador
FREITAS, Hércules Rezende
Resumo
O crescente interesse na relação entre alimentação e desempenho físico levou à exploração de diferentes abordagens dietéticas, destacando-se as dietas vegetarianas e veganas. Tornou-se relevante compreender o impacto na qualidade de vida e desempenho esportivo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o uso de dietas vegetarianas e veganas em indivíduos praticantes de atividade física de forma recreativa e no alto rendimento. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa de literatura na base de dados PubMed, utilizando as palavras - chave combinadas em inglês: sport, athlete, performance, vegetarian e vegan. Foram encontrados 60 artigos, dos quais 14 estudos atenderam aos critérios pré- estabelecidos e foram incluídos na revisão. Os resultados obtidos verificaram que os atletas vegetarianos e veganos, praticantes de corrida como esporte recreativo, mostraram maior qualidade nutricional na dieta, relacionada ao consumo de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados. Quanto ao desempenho, atletas veganos e vegetarianos equipararam-se a onívoros, indicando que a dieta não afetou a performance. Na suplementação, atletas vegetarianos e veganos se beneficiaram mais da creatina, devido aos baixos teores na dieta. Em relação à capacidade de força e VO2 Max em atletas de musculação, não houve diferença no desempenho de força, entretanto, o VO2 Max foi maior em atletas vegetarianos. Assim, destaca-se que uma dieta vegetariana não compromete o desempenho e pode beneficiar a capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Conclui-se que uma dieta vegana ou vegetariana, quando equilibrada e variada, pode ser comparável a uma dieta onívora, sem comprometer o desempenho ou prejudicar a saúde. No entanto, são necessários novos estudos para diretrizes cientificamente consolidadas nesse contexto.
The growing interest in the relationship between nutrition and physical performance has led to the exploration of different dietary approaches, with a focus on vegetarian and vegan diets. Understanding their impact on quality of life and athletic performance has become crucial. This work aims to assess the use of vegetarian and vegan diets in individuals engaged in recreational and high- performance physical activities. A narrative literature review was conducted on the PubMed database, using combined English keywords: sport, athlete, performance, vegetarian, and vegan. Sixty articles were found, of which fourteen studies met the pre-established criteria and were included in the review. The results revealed that vegetarian and vegan athletes engaged in recreational running showed higher nutritional quality in their diet, associated with the consumption of whole or minimally processed foods. Regarding performance, vegan and vegetarian athletes were comparable to omnivores, indicating that the diet did not affect performance. In supplementation, vegetarian and vegan athletes benefited more from creatine due to its low levels in the diet. Concerning strength and VO2 Max in bodybuilding athletes, there was no difference in strength performance; however, VO2 Max was higher in vegetarian athletes. Thus, it is emphasized that a vegetarian diet does not compromise performance and may benefit cardiorespiratory capacity. In conclusion, a balanced and varied vegan or vegetarian diet can be comparable to an omnivorous diet, without compromising performance or harming health. However, further studies are needed for scientifically consolidated guidelines in this context.
The growing interest in the relationship between nutrition and physical performance has led to the exploration of different dietary approaches, with a focus on vegetarian and vegan diets. Understanding their impact on quality of life and athletic performance has become crucial. This work aims to assess the use of vegetarian and vegan diets in individuals engaged in recreational and high- performance physical activities. A narrative literature review was conducted on the PubMed database, using combined English keywords: sport, athlete, performance, vegetarian, and vegan. Sixty articles were found, of which fourteen studies met the pre-established criteria and were included in the review. The results revealed that vegetarian and vegan athletes engaged in recreational running showed higher nutritional quality in their diet, associated with the consumption of whole or minimally processed foods. Regarding performance, vegan and vegetarian athletes were comparable to omnivores, indicating that the diet did not affect performance. In supplementation, vegetarian and vegan athletes benefited more from creatine due to its low levels in the diet. Concerning strength and VO2 Max in bodybuilding athletes, there was no difference in strength performance; however, VO2 Max was higher in vegetarian athletes. Thus, it is emphasized that a vegetarian diet does not compromise performance and may benefit cardiorespiratory capacity. In conclusion, a balanced and varied vegan or vegetarian diet can be comparable to an omnivorous diet, without compromising performance or harming health. However, further studies are needed for scientifically consolidated guidelines in this context.
Palavras-chave
Esporte, Atleta, Performance, Fisiculturista, Vegetariano, Vegano