Exercícios físicos na melhora da sarcopenia em idosos
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Arquivos
Data
2023-06-29
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Ciências da Saúde
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Ferreira, Emerson Gomes
De Campos, Carolina Pereira
Fonseca, Stéfani de Oliveira
Bezerra, Victória Adriane Santos
Orientador
Marcos Bedran de Magalhães, Claudio
Coorientador
Ribeiro Romano Oliveira, Alessandra
Resumo
Introdução: O processo de envelhecer é natural e desencadeia modificações
biológicas, psicológicas e sociais no ser humano. A diminuição da força muscular,
massa muscular (sarcopenia), reflexos, flexibilidade, velocidade da marcha e função
vestibular são os principais fatores que podem levar à queda da pessoa idosa. A
sarcopenia tem sido definida como um distúrbio muscular esquelético progressivo e
generalizado que envolve a perda acelerada de massa e função muscular. Essa
doença está associada ao aumento de resultados adversos com declínio funcional,
fragilidade e mortalidade. O presente estudo tem como objetivo primário realizar uma
revisão bibliográfica para verificar a eficácia dos exercícios físicos no tratamento da
sarcopenia. E como objetivo secundário, fornecer informações sobre fortalecimento
muscular, hipertrofia em idosos e como isso afeta diretamente na funcionalidade dos
mesmos. Metodologia: O estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisas de artigos nas
bases de dados PubMed, PEDro e Scielo. A busca foi direcionada para revisões
sistemáticas de ensaios clínicos ou artigos originais com desenho experimental que
abordassem a eficácia do exercício físico no tratamento da sarcopenia em idosos e
sua consequência funcional. Resultados: Após a comparação dos estudos, houve
destaque para treino resistido e treino aeróbico de baixa e alta intensidade. O treino
resistido, seja ele com peso, faixa elástica ou com auxílio de um fisioterapeuta, foi
altamente eficaz para o ganho de massa muscular e, consequentemente, se obteve
melhora da independência do idoso. Já o treinamento aeróbico não foi tão eficaz para
ganho de massa muscular, porém, houve melhora da força e redução do nível de
cinesiofobia. Conclusão: Os artigos da presente revisão narrativa mostram a
importância do exercício físico no tratamento da sarcopenia em idosos.
Introduction: The aging process is natural and triggers biological, psychological and social changes in human beings. Decreased muscle strength, muscle mass (sarcopenia), reflexes, flexibility, gait speed and vestibular function are the main factors that can lead to falls in the elderly. Sarcopenia has been defined as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder involving accelerated loss of muscle mass and function. This disease is associated with an increase in adverse outcomes with functional decline, frailty and mortality. The present study has as its primary objective to carry out a bibliographical review to verify the effectiveness of physical exercises in the treatment of sarcopenia. And as a secondary objective to provide information on muscle strengthening and hypertrophy in the elderly and how this directly affects their functionality. Methodology: The study was carried out through searches of articles in the PubMed, PEDro and Scielo databases. The search was directed towards systematic reviews of clinical trials or original articles with an experimental design, which addressed the effectiveness of physical exercise in the treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly and its functional consequences. Results: After comparing the studies, resistance training and low and high intensity aerobic training were highlighted. Resistance training, whether with weights, elastic bands or with the help of a physiotherapist, was highly effective in gaining muscle mass and consequently improving the independence of the elderly. Aerobic training, on the other hand, was not as effective for gaining muscle mass, however, there was an improvement in strength and a reduction in the level of kinesiophobia. Conclusion: The articles in this narrative review show the importance of physical exercise in the treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly.
Introduction: The aging process is natural and triggers biological, psychological and social changes in human beings. Decreased muscle strength, muscle mass (sarcopenia), reflexes, flexibility, gait speed and vestibular function are the main factors that can lead to falls in the elderly. Sarcopenia has been defined as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder involving accelerated loss of muscle mass and function. This disease is associated with an increase in adverse outcomes with functional decline, frailty and mortality. The present study has as its primary objective to carry out a bibliographical review to verify the effectiveness of physical exercises in the treatment of sarcopenia. And as a secondary objective to provide information on muscle strengthening and hypertrophy in the elderly and how this directly affects their functionality. Methodology: The study was carried out through searches of articles in the PubMed, PEDro and Scielo databases. The search was directed towards systematic reviews of clinical trials or original articles with an experimental design, which addressed the effectiveness of physical exercise in the treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly and its functional consequences. Results: After comparing the studies, resistance training and low and high intensity aerobic training were highlighted. Resistance training, whether with weights, elastic bands or with the help of a physiotherapist, was highly effective in gaining muscle mass and consequently improving the independence of the elderly. Aerobic training, on the other hand, was not as effective for gaining muscle mass, however, there was an improvement in strength and a reduction in the level of kinesiophobia. Conclusion: The articles in this narrative review show the importance of physical exercise in the treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly.
Palavras-chave
Exercícios físicos, Fisioterapia, Sarcopenia, Idosos