O senso de justiça dos parlamentares do rio grande do sul: Um estudo sobre a competência moral democrática
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Data
2022-02-15
Tipo de documento
Dissertação
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Área do conhecimento
Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
Chimendes, Renata
Orientador
Rolim, Marcos
Coorientador
Resumo
O presente estudo, elaborado como exigência parcial para a conclusão do curso de
Mestrado em Direitos Humanos do Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis - UniRitter,
investigou o senso de justiça dos parlamentares do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir de
sua capacidade de julgamento em situações difíceis, utilizando-se
fundamentalmente, para tanto, as contribuições de Lawrence Kohlberg e George
Lind. No campo empírico, utilizamos dilemas na aplicação do Teste de Julgamento
Moral (Moral Judgment Test – MJT) de Lind, para mensurar a competência moral democrática presente na amostra. Os dados foram, posteriormente, processados
estatisticamente em busca de correlações significativas entre as variáveis
independentes (autodeclaração de campo ideológico, sexo, raça, idade,
escolaridade, religião, número de mandatos) com a variável dependente
(competência moral-democrática). A pesquisa empírica conta com uma amostra de
44 parlamentares do Rio Grande do Sul (deputados/as estaduais, deputados/as
federais e senadores) que responderam, em entrevistas presenciais ou
telepresenciais, a um questionário identificado com a versão estendida do Teste
(Moral Judgment Test - MJT_xt extended). O instrumento permite mensurar a
competência moral-democrática a partir do “C-score”, em que “C” representa
“competence” (competência). Os escores altos traduzem alta competência moral democrática e sugerem um senso de justiça elevado; já escores baixos
representariam um senso de justiça instável ou ausente e, por decorrência, baixa
competência moral-democrática. Os resultados obtidos na amostra apontaram o C score médio do grupo de parlamentares do Rio Grande do Sul de 17,78 pontos (em
uma escala de zero a 100). Ou seja, a partir da Teoria de Lind, encontramos que
70,4% dos parlamentares do Rio Grande do Sul possuem um C-score muito baixo
ou baixo de competência moral-democrática, o que sugere a atuação com baixo
senso de justiça, ou seja, com menores competências para a construção de
soluções justas. Mais do que isso, o estudo sugere que a baixa competência moral democrática não é característica exclusiva de qualquer grupo político-ideológico,
mas que diz respeito a todas as posições representadas na amostra. Os resultados
evidenciam limites estruturais do sistema político brasileiro e/ou falhas importantes
nas dinâmicas de seleção eleitoral vigentes. Entre outros elementos a serem
estudados por novas e mais amplas pesquisas, concluímos que um parlamento
composto por representantes com os limites identificados pelo estudo será,
provavelmente, incapaz de valorizar e de defender o Estado Democrático de Direito.
The present study, prepared as a partial requirement for the completion of the Master's in Human Rights course at Ritter dos Reis University Center - UniRitter, investigated the sense of justice of parliamentarians of Rio Grande do Sul, based on their ability to judge in difficult situations, using fundamentally, for this, the contributions of Lawrence Kohlberg and George Lind. In the empirical field, we used dilemmas in the application of Lind's Moral Judgment Test (MJT) to measure the moral-democratic competence present in the sample. The data were subsequently processed statistically in search of significant correlations between the independent variables (self-declaration of ideological field, gender, race, age, education, number of mandates) and the dependent variable (moral-democratic competence). The empirical research counts on a sample of 44 parliamentarians from Rio Grande do Sul (state deputies, federal deputies and senators) who answered, in face-to-face or online interviews, a questionnaire identified with the extended version of the Test (Moral Judgment Test - MJT_xt – extended). The instrument allows measuring moraldemocratic competence based on the "Score C", where "C" stands for "competence". High scores translate high moral-democratic competence and suggest a high sense of justice, whereas low scores would represent an unstable or absent sense of justice and, consequently, low moral-democratic competence. The results obtained in the sample indicated the average C-score of the group of parliamentarians from Rio Grande do Sul of 17.78 points (on a scale of zero to 100). That is, from Lind's Theory, we found that 70.4% of the parliamentarians from Rio Grande do Sul have a very low or low C-score of moral competence for democracy, which suggests acting with a low sense of justice, that is, with less competence for the construction of just solutions. More than that, the study suggests that low moral-democratic competence is not an exclusive characteristic of any political-ideological group but concerns all the positions represented in the sample. The results highlight structural limits of the Brazilian political system and/or important flaws in the current dynamics of electoral selection. Among other elements to be studied by new and more extensive research, we conclude that a Parliament composed by representatives with the limits identified by the study will probably be unable to value and defend the democratic rule of law.
The present study, prepared as a partial requirement for the completion of the Master's in Human Rights course at Ritter dos Reis University Center - UniRitter, investigated the sense of justice of parliamentarians of Rio Grande do Sul, based on their ability to judge in difficult situations, using fundamentally, for this, the contributions of Lawrence Kohlberg and George Lind. In the empirical field, we used dilemmas in the application of Lind's Moral Judgment Test (MJT) to measure the moral-democratic competence present in the sample. The data were subsequently processed statistically in search of significant correlations between the independent variables (self-declaration of ideological field, gender, race, age, education, number of mandates) and the dependent variable (moral-democratic competence). The empirical research counts on a sample of 44 parliamentarians from Rio Grande do Sul (state deputies, federal deputies and senators) who answered, in face-to-face or online interviews, a questionnaire identified with the extended version of the Test (Moral Judgment Test - MJT_xt – extended). The instrument allows measuring moraldemocratic competence based on the "Score C", where "C" stands for "competence". High scores translate high moral-democratic competence and suggest a high sense of justice, whereas low scores would represent an unstable or absent sense of justice and, consequently, low moral-democratic competence. The results obtained in the sample indicated the average C-score of the group of parliamentarians from Rio Grande do Sul of 17.78 points (on a scale of zero to 100). That is, from Lind's Theory, we found that 70.4% of the parliamentarians from Rio Grande do Sul have a very low or low C-score of moral competence for democracy, which suggests acting with a low sense of justice, that is, with less competence for the construction of just solutions. More than that, the study suggests that low moral-democratic competence is not an exclusive characteristic of any political-ideological group but concerns all the positions represented in the sample. The results highlight structural limits of the Brazilian political system and/or important flaws in the current dynamics of electoral selection. Among other elements to be studied by new and more extensive research, we conclude that a Parliament composed by representatives with the limits identified by the study will probably be unable to value and defend the democratic rule of law.
Palavras-chave
Senso de justiça, Moral-democrática, Direitos Humanos, Parlamento