Desafios dos enfermeiros no cuidado paliativo à criança oncológica: revisão integrativa
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Data
2023-06-15
Tipo de documento
Monografia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Área do conhecimento
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Editora
Autores
SODRÉ, Bianca Ribeiro Santos
BASTOS, Camilla Figueredo
EVANGELISTA, Carolina Oliveira
BERTELLI, Gabriela Silva
SILVA, Lara Santana Santos da
Orientador
PIMENTEL, Flávia
Coorientador
Resumo
INTRODUÇÃO: Segundo o Instituto Nacional de Câncer (2022), o câncer é definido
como um conjunto de afecções que compartilham como característica o crescimento
excessivo e descontrolado de células neoplásicas. No contexto da pediatria, tal
crescimento excessivo acontece com maior tendência a afetar células do sistema
sanguíneo e tecidos de sustentação, com maior chance de mortalidade. A terapia
adequada quando possível é fundamental, porém nos casos em que não há mais
expectativa de cura, os Cuidados Paliativos (CP) surgem como medida para
beneficiar os pacientes e a família. OBJETIVO: identificar os desafios enfrentados
pelos enfermeiros nos cuidados paliativos na oncologia pediátrica. METODOLOGIA:
Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura com abordagem qualitativa
realizada entre os meses de Março e Abril de 2023, sendo utilizado as bases de
dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Base de Dados em Enfermagem e
Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde, e os operadores booleanos AND
e OR da seguinte forma: “cuidados paliativos” AND “oncologia” OR “câncer” AND
“pediatria” OR “criança” AND “enfermeiros” OR “enfermagem”. Como critérios de
inclusão, foram definidos: artigos com textos completos, disponíveis de forma
gratuita, online, publicados entre 2013 e 2023, na língua portuguesa e que se
enquadram no objetivo da pesquisa. E como critérios de exclusão: artigos que se
repetiram nas bases de dados. RESULTADOS: A amostra final foi composta por
seis artigos. No presente estudo foi possível evidenciar que os principais desafios
associados aos CP oncopediátrico enfrentados pelo enfermeiro foram: a carência de
capacitação e abordagem do tema nas grades curriculares, a dificuldade de
comunicação de notícias indesejáveis ao paciente e família, repercutindo também na
complexidade da troca de informações entre a equipe multiprofissional associado ao
despreparo emocional decorrente do constante desgaste psicológico. DISCUSSÃO:
Os autores afirmam que a ausência de qualificação dos enfermeiros em CP na
oncologia pediátrica se dá pelo foco no modelo curativo. Já no âmbito da
comunicação, alegam que para que haja essa troca de informações é fundamental
um equilíbrio emocional por parte do profissional. E por fim, na esfera emocional,
ratificam sobre o desgaste vivenciado na oncopediatria. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS:
Portanto, é notório que os enfermeiros que prestam assistência em CP a crianças
com câncer enfrentam diversas barreiras em seu exercício laboral, comprometendo
sua saúde emocional.
INTRODUCTION: According to the National Cancer Institute (2022), cancer is defined as a set of conditions that share the characteristic of excessive and uncontrolled growth of neoplastic cells. In the context of pediatrics, such overgrowth is more likely to affect blood system cells and supporting tissues. Appropriate therapy is essential, but in cases where there is no longer any expectation of a cure, Palliative Care (PC) emerges as a measure to benefit patients and their families. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the challenges faced by nurses in palliative care in pediatric oncology. METHODOLOGY: This is an integrative literature review with a qualitative approach carried out between the months of March and April, using the databases Scientific Electronic Library Online, Database in Nursing and Latin American Literature in Health Sciences, and the boolean operators “AND” and “OR” as follows: “palliative care” AND “oncology” OR “cancer” AND “pediatrics” OR “child” AND “nurses” OR “nursing”. As inclusion criteria, we used: full text articles, available in full, online, free of charge, published between 2013 and 2023, in Portuguese. And as exclusion criteria: articles that were repeated in the databases and that do not fit the research objective. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of six articles. In the present study, it was possible to show that the main challenges associated with oncopediatric PC by the nurse were: the lack of training and approach to the subject in the curriculum, the difficulty in communicating unwanted news to the patient and family, also affecting the complexity of the exchange of information between the multidisciplinary team associated with emotional unpreparedness resulting from constant psychological exhaustion. DISCUSSION: The authors state that the lack of qualification in PC of nurses in pediatric oncology is due to the focus on the curative model. In the field of communication, they claim that for this exchange of information, an emotional balance on the part of the professional is essential. And finally, in the emotional sphere, they ratify the wear and tear experienced in oncopediatrics. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Therefore, it is clear that nurses who provide PC assistance to children with cancer face several barriers in their work, compromising their emotional health.
INTRODUCTION: According to the National Cancer Institute (2022), cancer is defined as a set of conditions that share the characteristic of excessive and uncontrolled growth of neoplastic cells. In the context of pediatrics, such overgrowth is more likely to affect blood system cells and supporting tissues. Appropriate therapy is essential, but in cases where there is no longer any expectation of a cure, Palliative Care (PC) emerges as a measure to benefit patients and their families. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the challenges faced by nurses in palliative care in pediatric oncology. METHODOLOGY: This is an integrative literature review with a qualitative approach carried out between the months of March and April, using the databases Scientific Electronic Library Online, Database in Nursing and Latin American Literature in Health Sciences, and the boolean operators “AND” and “OR” as follows: “palliative care” AND “oncology” OR “cancer” AND “pediatrics” OR “child” AND “nurses” OR “nursing”. As inclusion criteria, we used: full text articles, available in full, online, free of charge, published between 2013 and 2023, in Portuguese. And as exclusion criteria: articles that were repeated in the databases and that do not fit the research objective. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of six articles. In the present study, it was possible to show that the main challenges associated with oncopediatric PC by the nurse were: the lack of training and approach to the subject in the curriculum, the difficulty in communicating unwanted news to the patient and family, also affecting the complexity of the exchange of information between the multidisciplinary team associated with emotional unpreparedness resulting from constant psychological exhaustion. DISCUSSION: The authors state that the lack of qualification in PC of nurses in pediatric oncology is due to the focus on the curative model. In the field of communication, they claim that for this exchange of information, an emotional balance on the part of the professional is essential. And finally, in the emotional sphere, they ratify the wear and tear experienced in oncopediatrics. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Therefore, it is clear that nurses who provide PC assistance to children with cancer face several barriers in their work, compromising their emotional health.
Palavras-chave
Cuidados paliativos, Oncologia, Câncer, Pediatria, Criança, Enfermagem