A efetividade dos direitos fundamentais sociais: uma reflexão sob o princípio da proibição do retrocesso e o pactuado dever de progressão ante os óbices do dever estatal.
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Data
2023-06-23
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
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Área do conhecimento
Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
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Autores
Iraci Neta, Maria
Orientador
Costa, Islamara da
Coorientador
Resumo
Os direitos sociais são prelecionados constitucionalmente, mas no seio das políticas públicas ou da prestação estatal, ainda há óbice para sua efetividade plena, já que para tanto estão envolvidos múltiplos pressupostos. De forma sucinta, eles são direitos que requerem prestações estatais, tanto de implemento, quanto de abstenção, em prol daqueles que necessitam. Estão, pois, à serviço da justiça e igualdade social, bem como, são preconizados no ordenamento pátrio como linhas específicas que compõem um dos fins máximos da República brasileira, o estado de dignidade da pessoa humana. Por esse viés, se faz necessário que haja garantias a esses direitos. O trabalho analisou como óbice à efetividade dos direitos sociais: a) característica normativa e seu caráter prestacional; b) a autorrestrição judicial; c) a limitação da reserva do possível à brasileira. Tem-se na reserva do possível, a variável mais dificultosa ao cumprimento de tais direitos, de toda sorte, não pode ser sempre arguida como justificativa pelo Estado para não cumprir ou implementar insuficientemente os direitos sociais, antes disso, deverá ele, dispor do que estava a seu alcance para satisfazê-los, assim, ela é limitada pelo mínimo existencial, o qual condiz com o princípio da dignidade humana, consequentemente, no êxito democrático. Por derradeiro, refletiu-se, a partir do método conceitual-analítico, com achados na doutrina e acervos bibliográficos, que o princípio jurídico-constitucional da vedação ao retrocesso e o pactuado dever de progressão servem como garantias à efetividade dos direitos fundamentais sociais.
Social rights are constitutionally preached, but within public policies or state provision, there is still an obstacle to their full effectiveness, since multiple assumptions are involved. Briefly, they are rights that require state benefits, both of implementation and abstention, for the benefit of those who need them. They are, therefore, at the service of justice and social equality, as well as being advocated in the national order as specific lines that make up one of the maximum purposes of the Brazilian Republic, the state of dignity of the human person. Because of this bias, it is necessary that there are guarantees to these rights. The study analyzed as an obstacle to the effectiveness of social rights: a) normative characteristic and its provision character; b) judicial self-restraint; c) the limitation of the reservation of the possible to the Brazilian one. One has in the reserve of the possible, the most difficult variable to the fulfillment of such rights, of all kinds, can not always be argued as justification by the State for not fulfilling or insufficiently implementing social rights, before that, should he, dispose of what was in his power to satisfy them, thus, it is limited by the existential minimum, which is consistent with the principle of human dignity, consequently, in democratic success. Finally, it was reflected, from the conceptual-analytical method, with findings in the doctrine and bibliographic collections, that the legal-constitutional principle of the prohibition of retrogression and the agreed duty of progression serve as guarantees to the effectiveness of fundamental social rights.
Social rights are constitutionally preached, but within public policies or state provision, there is still an obstacle to their full effectiveness, since multiple assumptions are involved. Briefly, they are rights that require state benefits, both of implementation and abstention, for the benefit of those who need them. They are, therefore, at the service of justice and social equality, as well as being advocated in the national order as specific lines that make up one of the maximum purposes of the Brazilian Republic, the state of dignity of the human person. Because of this bias, it is necessary that there are guarantees to these rights. The study analyzed as an obstacle to the effectiveness of social rights: a) normative characteristic and its provision character; b) judicial self-restraint; c) the limitation of the reservation of the possible to the Brazilian one. One has in the reserve of the possible, the most difficult variable to the fulfillment of such rights, of all kinds, can not always be argued as justification by the State for not fulfilling or insufficiently implementing social rights, before that, should he, dispose of what was in his power to satisfy them, thus, it is limited by the existential minimum, which is consistent with the principle of human dignity, consequently, in democratic success. Finally, it was reflected, from the conceptual-analytical method, with findings in the doctrine and bibliographic collections, that the legal-constitutional principle of the prohibition of retrogression and the agreed duty of progression serve as guarantees to the effectiveness of fundamental social rights.
Palavras-chave
Direitos fundamentais sociais, A efetividade dos direitos sociais, Dever estatal a prestações, Reserva do possível, Garantias, Princípio da proibição (vedação) ao retrocesso