A valorização da palavra da vítima no crime de estupro como elemento persuasivo à condenação
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Data
2023-06-19
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Artigo Científico
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Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
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Acesso aberto
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Autores
Rosa, Hyago Santana Santa
Orientador
Anesi, Sidinei Antônio
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Resumo
Os crimes contra a dignidade sexual são cometidos a todo momento no Brasil. Com a entrada em vigor da Lei nº 12.015/2009, os crimes contra a dignidade sexual passaram a sofrer alterações na sua tipificação, mudanças nas penas e requisitos de progressão de regime para os condenados por crimes sexuais. O art. 213 do Código Penal prevê que aquele que constranger alguém, mediante violência ou grave ameaça, a ter conjunção carnal ou a praticar ou permitir que com ele se pratique outro ato libidinoso responderá pelo crime de estupro. Não menos importante, o estupro de vulnerável previsto no art. 217-A do CP, versa sobre a prática sexual contra menores de 14 (quatorze anos), doentes mentais e pessoas enfermas. O crime estupro é praticado na clandestinidade da casa da vítima, ou em locais afastados, ermos e desertos, sem a presença de testemunhas. Por esse modo, a palavra da vítima vem ganhando grande importância como meio de prova neste cenário obscuro. O objetivo do presente estudo é aferir a valorização da palavra da vítima nos crimes de estupro como elemento persuasivo a condenação. Isto é, o valor probatório da palavra da vítima como meio de prova utilizada no Processo Penal. Vale ressaltar, que a metodologia utilizada neste estudo foi a revisão bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo, através de obras relevantes relacionadas à temática em questão, analisando os dados com base em doutrinas, legislações e jurisprudências. Por fim, concluiu-se que a palavra da vítima apresenta um importante valor probatório afim de desvendar o crime de estupro, conforme entendimento majoritário de doutrinadores e jurisprudências, tendo em vista a sua natureza, sendo praticado em ambientes invisíveis aos olhos de terceiros e por este fato, existe uma maior credibilidade na palavra da vítima. Contudo, esse valor probatório não é único, visto que não existe supremacia entres os meios de provas.
Crimes against sexual dignity are committed all the time in Brazil. With the entry into force of Law nº 12.015/2009, crimes against sexual dignity began to undergo changes in their typification, changes in penalties and regime progression requirements for those convicted of sexual crimes. Article 213 of the Penal Code provides that anyone who constrains someone, through violence or serious threat, to have carnal intercourse or to practice or allow another libidinous act to be practiced with him will be liable for the crime of rape. Not least, the rape of a vulnerable person provided for in art. 217-A of the CP, deals with the sexual practice against minors under 14 (fourteen years old), mentally ill and sick people. The crime of rape is committed in the secrecy of the victim's home, or in remote places, wilds and deserts, without the presence of witnesses. In this way, the victim's word has gained great importance as a means of proof in this obscure scenario. The objective of the present study is to assess the value of the victim's word in rape crimes as a persuasive element for conviction. That is, the probative value of the victim's word as a means of proof used in the Criminal Procedure. It is worth mentioning that the methodology used in this study was a qualitative bibliographical review, through relevant works related to the theme in question, analyzing data based on doctrines, legislation and jurisprudence. Finally, it was concluded that the victim's word has an important probative value in order to unravel the crime of rape, according to the majority understanding of scholars and jurisprudence, in view of its nature, being practiced in environments invisible to the eyes of third parties and by this fact, there is greater credibility in the victim's word. However, this probative value is not unique, since there is no supremacy between the means of evidence.
Crimes against sexual dignity are committed all the time in Brazil. With the entry into force of Law nº 12.015/2009, crimes against sexual dignity began to undergo changes in their typification, changes in penalties and regime progression requirements for those convicted of sexual crimes. Article 213 of the Penal Code provides that anyone who constrains someone, through violence or serious threat, to have carnal intercourse or to practice or allow another libidinous act to be practiced with him will be liable for the crime of rape. Not least, the rape of a vulnerable person provided for in art. 217-A of the CP, deals with the sexual practice against minors under 14 (fourteen years old), mentally ill and sick people. The crime of rape is committed in the secrecy of the victim's home, or in remote places, wilds and deserts, without the presence of witnesses. In this way, the victim's word has gained great importance as a means of proof in this obscure scenario. The objective of the present study is to assess the value of the victim's word in rape crimes as a persuasive element for conviction. That is, the probative value of the victim's word as a means of proof used in the Criminal Procedure. It is worth mentioning that the methodology used in this study was a qualitative bibliographical review, through relevant works related to the theme in question, analyzing data based on doctrines, legislation and jurisprudence. Finally, it was concluded that the victim's word has an important probative value in order to unravel the crime of rape, according to the majority understanding of scholars and jurisprudence, in view of its nature, being practiced in environments invisible to the eyes of third parties and by this fact, there is greater credibility in the victim's word. However, this probative value is not unique, since there is no supremacy between the means of evidence.
Palavras-chave
Crimes contra a dignidade sexual, Estupro, Estupro de vulnerável, Meios de provas, Valorização da palavra da vítima