Perfil antropométrico, clínico e hemodinâmico de idosos pré-frágeis
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Data
2023-12
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
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Área do conhecimento
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
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Autores
CORDEIRO, Gabrielly de Brito
SILVA, Gleyciane Natalia Rodrigues
SOUSA, Mélone Cristina Mendes Guedes de
BUENO, Thamyres Oliva
Orientador
FERNANDES, Elaine Ferrão
Coorientador
OLIVEIRA, Adriana Sarmento de
Resumo
Introdução: O processo de envelhecimento é caracterizado por uma deterioração gradativa da integridade fisiológica, levando ao comprometimento da capacidade funcional e, por fim, ao aumento da suscetibilidade à morte. Durante este caminho, é possível que o idoso se encaixe em um contexto fisiopatológico conhecido como Síndrome de Fragilidade, sendo um estado de reserva fisiológica reduzida. Além do que seria esperado com o envelhecimento normal, acredita-se que resulte do efeito cumulativo em múltiplos sistemas fisiológicos, causando vulnerabilidade e efeitos adversos ao longo do tempo, podendo ser identificada conforme os cinco critérios propostos por Fried et al. (2001). Desse modo, vale salientar que o idoso pré-frágil deve apresentar um ou dois destes critérios. Objetivos: Avaliar o perfil antropométrico, clínico e hemodinâmico de idosos pré-frágeis. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com seguimento de 12 meses, desde OUTUBRO de 2021 a OUTUBRO de 2022 em idosos membros do Centro Integrado de Saúde (CIS) da Universidade Anhembi Morumbi. Foram incluídos na pesquisa, idosos com 65 anos ou mais, ambos os sexos, participantes de um dos grupos do CIS, que concordaram em participar do estudo e que assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Foram excluídos, aqueles que apresentaram qualquer critério que alterasse a avaliação da pressão arterial, os que não concordaram em participar do estudo ou não assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Foram avaliados os cinco critérios, sendo 1) Perda de peso não intencional; 2) Exaustão avaliada por autorrelato de fadiga; 3) Diminuição da força de preensão manual; 4) Baixo nível de atividade física; 5) Diminuição da velocidade de caminhada. A pressão arterial e a frequência cardíaca foram avaliadas tanto em repouso quanto durante três minutos de exercício isométrico realizado a 30% da contração voluntária máxima, com o paciente em posição de decúbito dorsal. Resultados: Foram avaliados 16 idosos pré-frágeis e a maior parte da amostra era composta por idosos do sexo feminino e com sobrepeso. Nota-se que o critério baixo nível de atividade física apresentou uma maior proporção, sendo que 87% idosos eram sedentários. Adicionalmente, o critério da exaustão estava presente em 25% da amostra. Observa-se nos idosos pré-frágeis que o aumento progressivo das variáveis da FC, PAS e PAD mediante aos três minutos de exercício isométrico ocorreu sem hiperatividade. Discussão: A pré fragilidade é um conjunto multifatorial, multidimensional e dinâmico de perigo transitório e potencialmente reversível, relativo às situações fisiológicas desenvolvidas ao longo do tempo. Segundo dados obtidos através de uma meta-análise, a pré fragilidade está ligada ao aumento da ameaça de Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCV) entre os idosos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a maior parte da amostra de idosos pré-frágeis era composta por pessoas do sexo feminino, com sobrepeso, comportamento hemodinâmico normal em repouso e durante exercício isométrico de preensão manual, tendo o critério baixo nível de atividade física como o mais prevalente, indicando a importância da prática regular de exercício físico na prevenção e controle da Síndrome da Fragilidade (SF).
Introduction: The aging process is characterized by a gradual deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to compromised functional capacity and, ultimately, increased susceptibility to death. During this path, it is possible that the elderly person falls into a pathophysiological context known as Frailty Syndrome, being a state of reduced physiological reserve. In addition to what would be expected with normal aging, it is believed to result from the cumulative effect on multiple physiological systems, causing vulnerability and adverse effects over time, and can be identified according to the five criteria proposed by Fried et al. (2001). Therefore, it is worth highlighting that pre-frail elderly people must present one or two of these criteria. Objectives: To evaluate the anthropometric, clinical and hemodynamic profile of pre-frail elderly people. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a 12-month follow-up, from OCTOBER 2021 to OCTOBER 2022 in elderly members of the Integrated Health Center of the Anhembi Morumbi University. The research included elderly people aged 65 or over, both sexes, participants in one of the groups at the Integrated Health Center, who agreed to participate in the study and who signed the Free and Informed Consent Form. Those who presented any criteria that altered the blood pressure assessment, those who did not agree to participate in the study or did not sign the Informed Consent Form were excluded. The five criteria were evaluated, being 1) Unintentional weight loss; 2) Exhaustion assessed by self-report of fatigue; 3) Decrease in handgrip strength; 4) Low level of physical activity; 5) Decreased walking speed. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed both at rest and during three minutes of isometric exercise performed at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction, with the patient in the supine position. Results: 16 pre-frail elderly people were evaluated and the majority of the sample was made up of female and overweight elderly people. It is noted that the low level of physical activity criterion presented a higher proportion, with 87% of elderly people being sedentary. Additionally, the exhaustion criterion was present in 25% of the sample. It is observed in pre-frail elderly people that the progressive increase in HR, SBP and DBP variables after three minutes of isometric exercise occurred without yperactivity. Discussion: Pre fragility is a multifactorial, multidimensional and dynamic set of transient and potentially reversible danger, related to physiological situations developed over time. According to data obtained through a meta-analysis, pre-frailty is linked to an increased threat of Cardiovascular Diseases among the elderly. Conclusion: It is concluded that the majority of the sample of pre-frail elderly people was female, overweight, with normal hemodynamic behavior at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise, with the criterion of low level of physical activity being the most prevalent, indicating the importance of regular physical exercise in the prevention and control of Frailty Syndrome (FS).
Introduction: The aging process is characterized by a gradual deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to compromised functional capacity and, ultimately, increased susceptibility to death. During this path, it is possible that the elderly person falls into a pathophysiological context known as Frailty Syndrome, being a state of reduced physiological reserve. In addition to what would be expected with normal aging, it is believed to result from the cumulative effect on multiple physiological systems, causing vulnerability and adverse effects over time, and can be identified according to the five criteria proposed by Fried et al. (2001). Therefore, it is worth highlighting that pre-frail elderly people must present one or two of these criteria. Objectives: To evaluate the anthropometric, clinical and hemodynamic profile of pre-frail elderly people. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a 12-month follow-up, from OCTOBER 2021 to OCTOBER 2022 in elderly members of the Integrated Health Center of the Anhembi Morumbi University. The research included elderly people aged 65 or over, both sexes, participants in one of the groups at the Integrated Health Center, who agreed to participate in the study and who signed the Free and Informed Consent Form. Those who presented any criteria that altered the blood pressure assessment, those who did not agree to participate in the study or did not sign the Informed Consent Form were excluded. The five criteria were evaluated, being 1) Unintentional weight loss; 2) Exhaustion assessed by self-report of fatigue; 3) Decrease in handgrip strength; 4) Low level of physical activity; 5) Decreased walking speed. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed both at rest and during three minutes of isometric exercise performed at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction, with the patient in the supine position. Results: 16 pre-frail elderly people were evaluated and the majority of the sample was made up of female and overweight elderly people. It is noted that the low level of physical activity criterion presented a higher proportion, with 87% of elderly people being sedentary. Additionally, the exhaustion criterion was present in 25% of the sample. It is observed in pre-frail elderly people that the progressive increase in HR, SBP and DBP variables after three minutes of isometric exercise occurred without yperactivity. Discussion: Pre fragility is a multifactorial, multidimensional and dynamic set of transient and potentially reversible danger, related to physiological situations developed over time. According to data obtained through a meta-analysis, pre-frailty is linked to an increased threat of Cardiovascular Diseases among the elderly. Conclusion: It is concluded that the majority of the sample of pre-frail elderly people was female, overweight, with normal hemodynamic behavior at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise, with the criterion of low level of physical activity being the most prevalent, indicating the importance of regular physical exercise in the prevention and control of Frailty Syndrome (FS).
Palavras-chave
idoso fragilizado, fragilidade, pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca