Avaliação de efeitos colaterais agudos e subagudos entre diferentes fracionamentos de radioterapia adjuvante em pacientes com câncer de mama
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Data
2024-06
Tipo de documento
Artigo Científico
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Acesso embargado
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Autores
PADILHA, Laura da Silva
SÁ, Maria Eduarda Souza de
HEINZEN, Rebeca Neves
Orientador
ROSA, Vanessa Martins
Coorientador
JUNIOR, Arno Lotar Cordova
Resumo
Antecedentes e finalidade: O câncer de mama é a principal causa de morte em mulheres no mundo e, no Brasil, o mais prevalente no sexo feminino. A radioterapia (RT) se destaca pela importância como tratamento adjuvante e pode ser classificada conforme o fracionamento em convencional (RTCV), moderadamente hipofracionada (RTMH) e ultra-hipofracionada (RTUH). O menor número de frações está relacionado à menor prevalência de efeitos colaterais, além de conferir melhor adesão e menor custo ao tratamento. Este estudo realizou a avaliação da prevalência de efeitos colaterais agudos e subagudos entre pacientes com câncer de mama submetidas aos diferentes fracionamentos de RT. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo realizado em um centro de referência estadual de radioterapia localizado em Santa Catarina no período de janeiro de 2020 a junho de 2023. A partir dos dados coletados em prontuários físicos de 718 pacientes, foi realizada análise descritiva e bivariada. Resultados: Constatou-se que a prevalência de efeitos colaterais nos diferentes fracionamentos do tratamento com radioterapia foi de 91,9% na RTCV, 85,9% na RTMH e 44,4% na RTUH (IC 95%, p<0,001). A Radiodermite foi o efeito colateral mais evidente, independente do fracionamento adotado, sendo os graus de apresentação G1 e G2 os mais predominantes. Conclusão: Neste estudo realizado em uma instituição de Santa Catarina, a RTMH e RTUH demonstraram menor prevalência de efeitos colaterais, endossando o incentivo para a solidificação da RT em menor número de frações como tratamento adjuvante do câncer de mama.
Background and Purpose: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women worldwide and the most prevalent in females in Brazil. Radiotherapy (RT) stands out for its importance as adjuvant treatment and can be classified according to fractionation as conventional (CFRT), moderately hypofractionated (MHFRT), and ultra-hypofractionated (UHFRT). The lower number of fractions is associated with a lower prevalence of side effects, as well as better treatment adherence and lower cost. This study evaluated the prevalence of acute and subacute side effects among breast cancer patients undergoing different RT fractionations. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at a state reference center for radiotherapy located in Santa Catarina from January 2020 to June 2023. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed based on data collected from physical records of 718 patients. Results: The prevalence of side effects in different fractionations of radiotherapy treatment was 91.9% in CFRT, 85.9% in MHFRT, and 44.4% in UHFRT (95% CI, p<0.001). Radiodermatitis was the most evident side effect, regardless of the fractionation adopted, with G1 and G2 grades being the most predominant. Conclusion: In this study conducted at an institution in Santa Catarina, MHFRT and UHFRT showed a lower prevalence of side effects, endorsing the encouragement for the consolidation of RT in fewer fractions as adjuvant treatment for breast cancer.
Background and Purpose: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women worldwide and the most prevalent in females in Brazil. Radiotherapy (RT) stands out for its importance as adjuvant treatment and can be classified according to fractionation as conventional (CFRT), moderately hypofractionated (MHFRT), and ultra-hypofractionated (UHFRT). The lower number of fractions is associated with a lower prevalence of side effects, as well as better treatment adherence and lower cost. This study evaluated the prevalence of acute and subacute side effects among breast cancer patients undergoing different RT fractionations. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at a state reference center for radiotherapy located in Santa Catarina from January 2020 to June 2023. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed based on data collected from physical records of 718 patients. Results: The prevalence of side effects in different fractionations of radiotherapy treatment was 91.9% in CFRT, 85.9% in MHFRT, and 44.4% in UHFRT (95% CI, p<0.001). Radiodermatitis was the most evident side effect, regardless of the fractionation adopted, with G1 and G2 grades being the most predominant. Conclusion: In this study conducted at an institution in Santa Catarina, MHFRT and UHFRT showed a lower prevalence of side effects, endorsing the encouragement for the consolidation of RT in fewer fractions as adjuvant treatment for breast cancer.
Palavras-chave
Neoplasias de Mama, Radioterapia Adjuvante, Hipofracionamento da dose de radiação, Efeitos adversos