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Artigo Científico Acesso embargado Aleitamento materno e excesso de peso em pré-escolares de dois a cinco anos de idade(2018) Velozo, Larissa TachibanaObjective: To verify the possible protective effect of breastfeeding against overweight in pre-school children. Methods: A descriptive study, transversal temporality and quantitative approach, with a non-probabilistic sample involving preschoolers aged two to five years, enrolled in a Public Early Childhood Education Center (CEI) in the municipality of Palhoça, Santa Catarina. The nutritional status was assessed by the BMI-Z-score (WHO curves) according to sex and a questionnaire was applied on breastfeeding and complementary feeding to pre-school mothers. Results: Risk of overweight was found in 26.9% of the evaluated and overweight in 13.4%, but most were classified as eutrophic (59.7%). The practice of breastfeeding (regardless of duration) was reported by 88.1% of pre-school mothers, with no significant difference in weight status (no or overweight) (p = 0.883). Among the 59 mothers who breastfed, a little more than a quarter of them (25.4%) reported having breastfed for up to five months, and almost 75% breastfed for six months or more. The average months of introduction of all food groups were over five months. However, minimum values indicated that all other foods were introduced as early as the first month of life. Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of breastfeeding reported by mothers / guardians, this practice was not associated with protection against overweight in pre-school children.