Presenças das identidades LGBTQIAP+: lugares de sociabilidade na cidade de São Paulo
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Data
2022-05-22
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Dissertação
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Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
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Autores
Quintero, Bruna
Orientador
Tourinho, Andréa de Oliveira
Coorientador
Resumo
O século XXI vem presenciando uma série de esforços para preencher as lacunas da historiografia convencional, criadas pelo sistemático silenciamento de identidades não hegemônicas, devido à primazia de princípios e ações sociais excludentes. Impõe-se, assim, o resgate da memória e história desses grupos não hegemônicos para reconstituir sua importância na construção das dinâmicas sociais e urbanas contemporâneas, assim como na conformação da identidade da sociedade e do meio urbano a que pertencem. Esta pesquisa busca inventariar os lugares apropriados pelas identidades LGBTQIAP+, enquanto grupo social não hegemônico, na cidade de São Paulo, entre o início do século XX e início da década de 2020, especialmente no que se refere à sociabilidade. O território será abordado sob a perspectiva das diferentes dinâmicas sociais que ocorrem nas áreas centrais e periféricas. As análises socio-territoriais pretendem delinear um panorama de como essas apropriações – e mesmo, evasões – do espaço moldam as dinâmicas urbanas, e como estas impactam nas possibilidades e impossibilidades de certos grupos existirem ou não na cidade. A inventariação dos espaços de sociabilidade, de caráter histórico, foi organizada a partir de estudos acadêmicos, principalmente etnográficos, bem como de referências de mídias diversas e relatos das referidas identidades acerca de suas vivências em São Paulo, ressaltando a importância de se estudar grupos sociais por meio de sua própria voz. No intuito de complementar o quadro referente aos lugares de encontro desses grupos, também se inventariaram e mapearam os lugares das organizações que prestam serviços socioassistenciais às identidades LGBTQIAP+, em São Paulo, considerando que também revelam a movimentação e consolidação dessas identidades no meio urbano. Os mapeamentos utilizam fotos aéreas atuais do software Google Earth com indicações dos diferentes períodos estudados e temáticas tratadas na pesquisa, criando uma base de comparação entre apropriações do espaço em tempos diferentes. Os dados inventariados e mapeados são analisados a partir das categorias de análise socio-territorial desenvolvidas pelo Núcleo de Antropologia Urbana da Universidade de São Paulo (NAU-USP), com o intuito de compreender os motivos e processos catalisadores de tais apropriações do espaço. Como resultado da inventariação e mapeamento das referências LGBTQIAP+, verifica-se uma contínua e recorrente ocupação, no tempo, dessas identidades nas áreas centrais da cidade, a partir da região do Centro Histórico, com uma expansão no sentido sudoeste. Apropriação, essa, proporcionada pela facilidade de acesso à essas áreas, assim como de seu reconhecimento como pontos de referência na paisagem urbana, percebidos, operativa, simbólica e afetivamente, como lugares propícios às presenças diversas e de resistência de vivências não hegemônicas. Isso se contrapõe a uma baixa apropriação de espaços nas áreas periféricas, mas que vem apresentando possibilidades de ocupação ao longo do século XXI, mesmo que de forma lenta e muito esparsa. Fica evidente como a dicotomia de dinâmicas entre áreas centrais e periféricas, devido suas diferentes dinâmicas, usos e tipos de usuários, bem como à percepção diferenciada dessas entre a população, influi nas dinâmicas de apropriação do espaço da cidade de São Paulo pelas identidades LGBTQIAP+.
The 21st century has witnessed a series of efforts to fill the gaps in conventional historiography, created by the systematic silencing of non-hegemonic identities, due to the primacy of excluding social principles and actions. Thus, it is imperative to rescue the memory and history of these non-hegemonic groups in order to reconstitute their importance in the construction of social and urban contemporary dynamics, as well as in the conformation of the identity of the society and the urban environment in which they belong. This research seeks to inventory the places appropriated by LGBTQIAP+ identities, as non-hegemonic social group, in the city of São Paulo, between the beginning of the 20th century and the beginning of the 2020s, especially regarding sociability. The territory will be approached from the perspective of the different social dynamics that occur in central and peripheral areas. The socio-territorial analyses intend to outline an overview of how these appropriations – and even evasions – of space shape urban dynamics, and how they impact the possibilities and impossibilities of certain groups to exist or not in the city. The inventory of spaces for sociability, of historical nature, was organized from academic studies, mainly ethnographies, as well as references from different media and reports of the aforementioned identities about their experiences in São Paulo, emphasizing the importance of studying social groups through their own voice. In order to complement the framework referring to the meeting places of these groups, the places of organizations that provide social assistance services to LGBTQIAP+ identities in São Paulo were also inventoried and mapped, considering that they also reveal the movement and consolidation of these identities in the urban environment. The mappings use current aerial photos from the Google Earth software with indications of the different periods studied and themes treated in the research, creating a basis for comparison between appropriations of space at different times. The inventoried and mapped data is analysed based on the socio-territorial analysis categories developed by the Centre for Urban Anthropology at the University of São Paulo (NAU-USP, in Portuguese), in order to understand the reasons and processes that catalyse such appropriations of space. As a result of the inventory and mapping of LGBTQIAP+ references, there is a continuous and recurrent occupation, over time, of these identities in the central areas of the city, starting from the Historic Centre region, as an expansion towards the southwest. Appropriation provided by the ease access to these areas, as well as their recognition as points of reference in the urban landscape, perceived, operatively, symbolically, and affectively, as places conducive to diverse presences and resistance of non-hegemonic experiences. This contrasts with a low appropriation of spaces in peripheral areas, but which have been presenting possibilities of occupation throughout the 21st century, even if slowly and very sparsely. It is evident how the dichotomy of dynamics between central and peripheral areas, due to their different dynamics, uses and types of users, as well as the different perception of these among the population, influences the dynamics of appropriation of space in the city of São Paulo by LGBTQIAP+ identities.
The 21st century has witnessed a series of efforts to fill the gaps in conventional historiography, created by the systematic silencing of non-hegemonic identities, due to the primacy of excluding social principles and actions. Thus, it is imperative to rescue the memory and history of these non-hegemonic groups in order to reconstitute their importance in the construction of social and urban contemporary dynamics, as well as in the conformation of the identity of the society and the urban environment in which they belong. This research seeks to inventory the places appropriated by LGBTQIAP+ identities, as non-hegemonic social group, in the city of São Paulo, between the beginning of the 20th century and the beginning of the 2020s, especially regarding sociability. The territory will be approached from the perspective of the different social dynamics that occur in central and peripheral areas. The socio-territorial analyses intend to outline an overview of how these appropriations – and even evasions – of space shape urban dynamics, and how they impact the possibilities and impossibilities of certain groups to exist or not in the city. The inventory of spaces for sociability, of historical nature, was organized from academic studies, mainly ethnographies, as well as references from different media and reports of the aforementioned identities about their experiences in São Paulo, emphasizing the importance of studying social groups through their own voice. In order to complement the framework referring to the meeting places of these groups, the places of organizations that provide social assistance services to LGBTQIAP+ identities in São Paulo were also inventoried and mapped, considering that they also reveal the movement and consolidation of these identities in the urban environment. The mappings use current aerial photos from the Google Earth software with indications of the different periods studied and themes treated in the research, creating a basis for comparison between appropriations of space at different times. The inventoried and mapped data is analysed based on the socio-territorial analysis categories developed by the Centre for Urban Anthropology at the University of São Paulo (NAU-USP, in Portuguese), in order to understand the reasons and processes that catalyse such appropriations of space. As a result of the inventory and mapping of LGBTQIAP+ references, there is a continuous and recurrent occupation, over time, of these identities in the central areas of the city, starting from the Historic Centre region, as an expansion towards the southwest. Appropriation provided by the ease access to these areas, as well as their recognition as points of reference in the urban landscape, perceived, operatively, symbolically, and affectively, as places conducive to diverse presences and resistance of non-hegemonic experiences. This contrasts with a low appropriation of spaces in peripheral areas, but which have been presenting possibilities of occupation throughout the 21st century, even if slowly and very sparsely. It is evident how the dichotomy of dynamics between central and peripheral areas, due to their different dynamics, uses and types of users, as well as the different perception of these among the population, influences the dynamics of appropriation of space in the city of São Paulo by LGBTQIAP+ identities.
Palavras-chave
LGBT, Memória, Mapeamento, Apropriação do espaço, São Paulo